321 research outputs found

    Physicochemical investigation of NiAl with small molybdenum additions

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    Specimens of four cast NiAl alloys, three of them containing 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 at. % Mo., were homogenized for 10, 10, and 140 hr at 1373, 1523 and 1273 K, respectively, then kept at 1073, 1173 and 1323 K for 60, 120 and 3 hr, respectively, and quenched in icy water. The precipitation of a metastable Ni3Mo phase was observed at temperatures between 1073 and 1523 K. Molybdenum substituted for nickel was found to inhibit the lattice disordering in NiAl at 1073 and 1523 K

    ICP-AES analysis of high-purity arsenic

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    Π’ настоящСС врСмя практичСски ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ экспрСссныС многоэлСмСнтныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ примСсСй Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 10⁻⁷-10⁻⁡ % мас. (Π² соотвСтствии с соврСмСнными трСбованиями), Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ лСтучСсти ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π΅ элСмСнты: P, S, Sb, Se ΠΈ Te. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ связано с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ искровая масс-спСктромСтрия ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· сСйчас труднодоступны, Π° Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионная спСктромСтрия с Π΄ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ разрядом Π² сочСтании с ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ примСсСй, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСси Π΄ΠΎ уровня 10⁻⁸-10⁻⁴ % мас., сокращаСт число опрСдСляСмых примСсСй (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, P, S, Sb, Se, Te Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹), отличаСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‘ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ возмоТности Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° высокочистого ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ° доступным ΠΈ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ распространённым ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионной спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ…ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ распылСнии Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡƒ растворов с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ 150 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ». УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ для достиТСния Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² опрСдСлСния примСсСй цСлСсообразно Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ растворы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ° ~100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ тСхничСских трудностСй. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π² химичСски стойкой посудС ΠΈΠ· PFA (PerFluoroAlkoxy polymer) ΠΈ использованиС Π΄ΠΎΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² (Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, азотная кислота) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС загрязнСний Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ опрСдСлСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° примСсСй. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° опрСдСлСния 39 элСмСнтов-примСсСй Π² высокочистом ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ распространённыС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»Ρ‹ (Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe) ΠΈ Si, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ тСряСмыС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ элСмСнты (B, P, S, Sb, Se, Te). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ опрСдСлСния примСсСй Π² ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠ΅ составили ~10⁻⁷-10⁻⁡ % мас. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ нСобходимости ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ опрСдСляСмых примСсСй ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½, исходя ΠΈΠ· возмоТностСй опрСдСлСния ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионной спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ с ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ наличия ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… стандартных растворов солСй опрСдСляСмых элСмСнтов.The arc discharge atomic emission spectrometry method with pre-concentration of impurities is mainly used for multi-element analysis of high-purity arsenic. Spark ionization mass-spectrometry and neutron activation analysis are applied less often. The use of spark ionization mass-spectrometry and neutron activation analysis is quite problematic at the present time. Arc discharge atomic emission spectrometry in combination with pre-concentration of impurities makes it possible to determine the impurities at the level of 10⁻⁸-10⁻⁴ % mass. At the same time the number of the determined impurities is reduced (e.g., P, S, Sb, Se, Te are getting lost during concentration by matrix sublimation) with the increase in the duration of the analysis. Thus, at the present time the express multi-element techniques of analysis of arsenic which can provide the determination of wide range of impurities at the level of 10⁻⁷-10⁻⁡ % mass. (according to the modern requirements), including the elements P, S, Sb, Se and Te (with volatility close to that of the matrix) are actually absent. In the present paper the capabilities of available and widely used method of inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry are estimated for analysis of high-purity arsenic. The matrix interference was investigated in the process of spraying the solutions with arsenic concentration up to 150 mg/mL into inductively-coupled plasma. It was found that in order to attain low limits of quantification of impurities it is expedient to analyze sample solutions with arsenic concentration ~100 mg/mL. It does not present a problem technically. Preparation of samples in chemically resistant vials of PFA (PerFluoroAlkoxy polymer) and the use of additionally purified reagents (water, nitric acid) made it possible to decrease the effect of contaminations on the limits of quantification of most impurities. A technique for determination of 39 elements in high-purity arsenic has been developed. The diapason of determined impurities includes the most abundant metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe) and Si, as well as the elements usually getting lost during concentration by matrix sublimation (B, P, S, Sb, Se, Te). The limits of quantification (as well as the limits of detection) of impurities in arsenic are equal ~10⁻⁷-10⁻⁡ % mass. If necessary, the range of impurities can be widened in view of the possibilities of inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the possibilities of the suggested sample preparation technique and the availability of the corresponding standard solutions of the determined elements

    ΠžΠŸΠ Π•Π”Π•Π›Π•ΠΠ˜Π• ΠœΠΠ’Π Π˜Π§ΠΠžΠ“Πž Π‘ΠžΠ‘Π’ΠΠ’Π Π₯ΠΠ›Π¬ΠšΠžΠ“Π•ΠΠ˜Π”ΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘Π’Π•ΠšΠžΠ› Π‘Π˜Π‘Π’Π•ΠœΠ« GE-SE-TE ΠœΠ•Π’ΠžΠ”ΠžΠœ АЭБ-ИБП

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    One of the most important stages of the high-purity chalcogenide glasses’ analytical control is the determination of matrix elements’ content with the uncertainty at the levels of 0.1–0.2 mol.%.Β  The content of the macro-components may differ from the composition of the initial charge; therefore, an important task is the macro-composition determination of the final materials. This article describes the development of the technique for determining the matrix elements of high-purity Ge-Se-Te glasses in the range of germanium content from 10 to 35 mol. %, selenium and tellurium content from 20 to 50 mol. % with the expanded uncertainty within 0.01–0.2 mol. % (P = 0.95) using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A simple technique for the preparation of primary calibration solutions from pure elementary Ge, Se and Te is proposed. The correctness of the analysis results is confirmed by comparing the calculated matrix composition of model glass samples, prepared by direct synthesis from high-purity simple substances in the sealed quartz glass ampoule, with the analysis results.Β  The main advantage of the proposed analysis technique is the absence of the need for the reference samples identical to the analyzed material, which is especially important for determination of new materials’ matrix composition. The minimum sample mass for the determination of matrix elements is about 1 mg, which makes it possible to analyze not only bulk glass samples, but also fibers and expensive materials.Key words: Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide glasses, determination of matrix elements, high accuracy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.4.002Β D.A. Fadeeva, I.I. Evdokimov, V.G. PimenovG.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Box-75, 49 Tropinin Str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603951,Β Russian FederationОдин ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… этапов аналитичСского контроля высокочистых Ρ…Π°Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стСкол, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… для изготовлСния ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… устройств, являСтся установлСниС содСрТания ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 0.1–0.2 % ΠΌΠΎΠ». ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ этапа аналитичСского контроля Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° слоТности получСния высокочистых Ρ…Π°Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стСкол с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ задания ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связано, отчасти, с Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ потСрями ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов Π½Π° многочислСнных стадиях синтСза ΠΈ очистки. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ опрСдСлСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов стСкол систСмы Ge-Se-Te с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ мСтрологичСскими характСристиками Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ описана Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов высокочистых стСкол Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ содСрТания гСрмания ΠΎΡ‚ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 35 % ΠΌΠΎΠ»., сСлСна ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»ΡƒΡ€Π° – ΠΎΡ‚ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 50 % ΠΌΠΎΠ». с Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 0.01–0.2Β % ΠΌΠΎΠ». (P = 0.95) с использованиСм Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионной спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ способ приготовлСния ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворов, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… для достиТСния заявлСнного уровня нСопрСдСлСнности, с использованиСм гСрмания, сСлСна ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»ΡƒΡ€Π° Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ чистых простых вСщСств. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ точности Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° сопоставлСниСм расчСтного ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² стСкол, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прямым синтСзом ΠΈΠ· высокочистых простых вСщСств Π² запаянной Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСкла, с Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π“Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ достоинство ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° – отсутствиС потрСбности Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… сравнСния, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнно Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ установлСнии ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Ρ‚.Π΅. ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ сравнСния, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ способы ΠΈΡ… изготовлСния ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ΅). Минимальная для опрСдСлСния ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов масса ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ составляСт ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 1Β ΠΌΠ³, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ массивных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² стСкол, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ дорогостоящих ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: Ρ…Π°Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стСкла Ge-Se-Te, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов, высокая Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионная спСктромСтрия с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.4.00

    ΠœΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ биологичСскиС свидСтСли РСдикарского захоронСния X–XI Π²Π².

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    The study of products of copper alloys of the Lomatov culture of the X-XI centuries from the collection of the Cherdyn Museum revealed two types of patina. The first pseudomorphic might be composed of intergrowths of chlorides formed upon interaction with the sweat of the hands, or a zonal rim of cuprite-malachite-azurite composition, due to interaction with groundwater. The second type, which distorts the shape of the original product, is associated with the leaching of copper and other metals and the crystallization of oxides and salts on the surface in the form of worm-like, kidney-shaped and drusoid aggregates. Fragments of mineralized biological objects (wings, eggs and larvae of flies, mole hair) found on the surface of the patina testify to the rapid oxidation of bronze, which is associated with flooding of the soil of the burial ground immediately after burial.АрхСоминСралогичСскоС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов ломоватовской ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ X–XI Π²Π². ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ЧСрдынского краСвСдчСского музСя ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²Π° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ – псСвдоморфная – ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ слоТСна вростками Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ взаимодСйствии с ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ зональной ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‚-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°Ρ…ΠΈΡ‚-Π°Π·ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава, обусловлСнной взаимодСйствиСм с Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ исходного издСлия, связываСтся с Π²Ρ‹Ρ‰Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ кристаллизациСй оксидов ΠΈ солСй Π½Π° повСрхности Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π²Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ВыявлСнныС Π½Π° повСрхности ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… биологичСских ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΡ, яйца ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΡ…, волосы ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π°) ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ быстрой скорости окислСния Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связываСтся с ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚Π° могильника сразу послС Π·Π°Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈ

    Tactics of managing a patient with fatty liver disease coursing in the background of a polyorgan digestive tract: clinical observation

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    Preparations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are effective in the treatment of various forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurring against the background of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux. However, their effectiveness in the treatment of hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis has not been sufficiently studied. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis, including those with obesity and NAFLD. It is assumed that the combined administration of GA and UDCA can be accompanied by a mutual potentiation of the effect of the drugs. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with NAFLD, obesity, dyslipidemia, GERD, refractory to treatment with proton pump inhibitors, associated with duodenogastroesophageal reflux, reflux gastritis and hologenic diarrhea. It was shown that GERD, reflux gastritis, and hologenic diarrhea developed in the long-term period after cholecystectomy. At the same time, the appointment of a complex preparation containing GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) made it possible to stop the manifestations of a typical reflux syndrome in patients with a form of GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitors, reflux gastritis, and diarrheal syndrome associated with an excess of bile acids, improve lipid profile parameters. It has been shown that the administration of GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) can improve the parameters of the intestinal microbiome and lipid metabolism, which can be used in the treatment of patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. At the same time, patients with comorbid pathology, including NAFLD, GERD, reflux esophagitis, hologenic diarrhea, and dyslipidemia require long-term maintenance therapy with GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg)

    Source material for breeding winter bread wheat in the north of the Middle Volga region

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    Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), due to significant progress in breeding, has high potential of biological productivity, but its implementation is quite low. To change the situation for the better, it is necessary to increase the resistance of developed cultivars to unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors in the regions of its cultivation. To solve this problem, source material is required. The purpose of this research was to evaluate a set of winter wheat accessions from the VIR collection, and first of all, the newly introduced accessions, and the accessions from the working collection of Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for variability of agronomic traits and stability under the conditions of the north of the Middle Volga region, and to identify sources promising for inclusion in the crossing programs.Materials and methods. A three-year field study of 166 winter bread wheat accessions was carried out. All accessions were assessed for their overwintering and plant and ear productivity traits using the methods developed by VIR and the State Variety Trials. The best accessions, or sources, were selected by comparing them with the reference cv. β€˜Kazan 560’, taking into account the quantitative values of such indicators as β€œgeneral adaptability” (ОАБi ), variance of β€œspecific adaptability” (Οƒ2БАБi ) and β€œrelative stability” (Sgi) for each accession according to A. V. Kilchevsky and L. V. Khotyleva.Results and conclusion. Descriptions of winter bread wheat accessions are presented in the context of their agronomic traits. Groups and subgroups of accessions with different trait variability levels were identified. Some accessions with stable levels of trait manifestation exceeded the reference in ear productivity. All of them are promising for wheat breeding programs. It is shown that the group of accessions β€œweakly changing” over the years of study differs from the group of β€œmoderately/strongly changing” accessions in values of correlations between traits and the number of significant correlations

    The state of dental health in patients with malignant neoplasms

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    The incidence of malignant neoplasms remains one of the most significant problems in medicine. There is no doubt that oncological diseases have a complex interaction with the body. The General mechanisms of occurrence and progression of the tumor process are intensively studied, and to date, a huge amount of material on molecular and clinical Oncology has been accumulated, it is used in related disciplines. This article covers the study of the dental status of patients with different localizations of cancer.Π—Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ злокачСствСнными новообразованиями остаСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· самых Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅. НС Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сомнСний, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ онкологичСскиС заболСвания ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ комплСксноС взаимодСйствиС Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ возникновСния ΠΈ прогрСссии ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса интСнсивно ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΊ настоящСму Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎ молСкулярной ΠΈ клиничСской ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² смСТных дисциплинах. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стоматологичСского статуса профиля ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с онкологичСскими заболСваниями Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Source material for breeding winter bread wheat for grain quality in the north of the Middle Volga Region

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    Background. Development of cultivars with high stable yields and high grain quality is the main trend in wheat breeding. The aim of this study was to characterize a set of winter bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection and the working collection of Kazan Scientific Center in terms of their yield, protein content in grain (P, %), and swelling of flour in acetic acid (S, ml), and select the best accessions for the combination of these characters for use in a crossbreeding program.Materials and methods. Twenty-three winter bread wheat accessions were studied for the abovementioned characters in the north of the Middle Volga Region using conventional techniques. The study lasted three years (2016–2019).Results and conclusion. The yield of the accessions varied across the years of studies; however, none of them surpassed the reference cv. β€˜Kazanskaya 560’. The values of protein content in grain were medium or high. The following accessions had high and stable levels of protein content in grain (15.1–16.1%): β€˜TAW 42971/80’ (k-58363, Germany); β€˜Lutescens 471 N8’ (Kazakhstan); β€˜Rita’ (k-58057), β€˜Scotty’ (k-59322) and β€˜Nelson’ (all from the U.S.); β€˜Moskovskaya 39’ (k-65160, Russia); β€˜Bilotserkivchanka’ (k-64330) and β€˜Barkan’ (k-64495) (both from Ukraine). Flour swelling power in acetic acid did not fall below 50 ml, attesting to the formation of high-quality grain. This was also confirmed by the protein quality index determined by the S : P ratio, which ranged from 3.6 to 4.7. Sources with high-quality protein were selected from the tested accessions for use in breeding: β€˜CDC Clair’ (k-64168, Canada), β€˜Lutescens 471 Н8’ (Kazakhstan), β€˜Moskovskaya 39’ (Russia), β€˜Barkan’ (Ukraine), and β€˜Favorytka’ (k-64337, Ukraine)

    Experimental Modeling of General Purulent Peritonitis

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    General purulent peritonitis takes one of the first places in the structure of purulent complications. Despite the im provement of methods of diagnosis and treatment, mortality in postoperative purulent peritonitis remains quite high.Aim of the study: develop a reproducible model of postoperative general peritonitis to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of its development and the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 18 Wistar male rats aged 6 months, weighing 250–300 grams. Animals underwent laparotomy and modeling of postoperative general peritonitis according to the proposed method. Hospital strains of Escherichia coli BRLS 109 and Bacteroides fragilis 109 (strain ISCST1982, registered in Genbank), which we isolated from patients with acute appendicitis, with a total volume of 1.0 ml per animal, were used as infectious agents. Animals were taken out of the experiment under anesthesia with compliance with the rules of euthanasia at 1st, 3rd, 7th days after surgery. For morphological studies, samples of a fragment of the abdominal wall and cecum were taken. Bacteriological studies were performed on the 3rd, 7th day from the beginning of the experiment.Results. It was established that all animals developed peritonitis with the progression of purulent-destructive changes in the abdominal cavity and the development of adhesions, which was confirmed by the data of the morphological method of research. According to the results of bacteriological studies on the 3rd day, exudate infection was detected in all rats (in 100 % of observations). E. coli BLS were isolated in all cases at concentrations of 103–104 CFU/ml. The strain B. fragilis is inoculated in 3 animals at a concentration of 103 CFU/ml, which made 50 %. By the 7th day, only an aerobic E. coli strain of BLS was detected in peritoneal exudate at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml in the complete absence of growth of B. fragilis.Conclusion. We have developed a model of postoperative general peritonitis, which allows us to study the dynamics of the development of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity and, in terms of its clinical manifestations, is close to a real human disease. The reproducibility of the model is 100 %, which is confirmed by microbiological and morphological data

    How do Russian Researchers Evaluate Grants as a Tool for the Development of Science?

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    ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ рассматриваСмой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ связана с Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² России сСктора исслСдований ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ, которая происходит Π² условиях ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, имССтся запрос Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-тСхнологичСский сувСрСнитСт, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ отвСтствСнности ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π° тСхнологичСскоС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ страны. Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, происходит ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ прСдставлСны Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ массового социологичСского опроса Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (N=1700), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² 2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. Π’ Π½Π΅ΠΌ приняли участиС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 российских Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 80 ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, подвСдомствСнных ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ России. По ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ опроса отмСчаСтся значимая Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² для сохранСния ΠΈ развития ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, привлСчСния Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдоватСлСй Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΡƒ, создания конкурСнтоспособного сСктора Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ российских Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² восприятии Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ – научных, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-пСдагогичСских Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ административно-управлСнчСского пСрсонала, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ острыС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² российскими исслСдоватСлями Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… условиях. Новизна исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ массовый опрос Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ российских Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², позволивший Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ; Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ сСлСктивного ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ срСди исслСдоватСлСй; ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… школ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄; ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ влияниС Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π­ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π±Π°Π·Ρƒ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹, собранныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опроса. Для ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ количСствСнный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· содСрТания ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… вопросов. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° количСствСнных Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° с использованиСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ SPSS, ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… вопросов Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² обобщСния ΠΈ систСматизации. ВыявлСны ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ эффСкты Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… вопросах. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ риски ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² связи с санкционными ограничСниями, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² 2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ финансирования Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² России, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ дальнСйшСй Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ мнСния Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сообщСства ΠΈ поиска Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдоватСлСй.The problem under consideration is connected with the active modernization of the research and development sector in Russia, which takes place under existing restrictions. On the one hand, there is a request for scientific and technological sovereignty, increasing the scholars’ responsibility for the social and economic development of the country. On the other hand, the impact of various tools to support the scientists’ activity, these tools affecting their position, reputation and career, is being re-assessed. The article presents data from a 2022 mass sociological survey of grantees (N=1700) from more than 60 Russian regions and more than 80 organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The survey materials showed the significant role of funds’ grant support for the preservation and development of the scholars’ scientific potential, for attracting new researchers, and for creating a competitive knowledge generation sector. The article analyzes the institutional changes in the activities of Russian scientific foundations as perceived by grantees – scientific and pedagogical workers, administrative and managerial staff. There are identified the most acute problems that make it difficult for Russian researchers to receive grants and to fulfill corresponding requirements in today’s conditions. For the first time a mass survey of grantees of Russian scientific foundations was conducted, which allowed identifying the most significant functions of grants: economic function; selective function affecting competition among researchers; symbolic function affecting the reputation of scientists, scientific schools, research teams; positive impact on the development of research competencies, careers of scientists, the scientific potential of the higher school, etc. The empirical base of the article is represented by materials collected within a questionnaire survey. The methods of quantitative analysis and content analysis of the open questions were used to process the research materials. Quantitative data processing was carried out using the SPSS program; materials of open questions were analyzed using methods of generalization and systematization. As a result, there were distinguished the positive effects of grant support over scientists’ research activities, as well as the grantees’ problems to be concerned. The risks of research projects non-completion in connection with the sanctions restrictions imposed in 2022 are analyzed. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing approaches to the formation of a policy for financing scientific activities in Russia, when working out possible directions for further scientists’ support, and when searching for new mechanisms to support young researchers.ИсслСдованиС Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ России Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… государствСнного задания РИЭПП β„– 075‑01614‑22‑01 ΠΎΡ‚ 11.05.2022 Π³. (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Β«ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСскоС ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-аналитичСскоС сопровоТдСниС ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° инструмСнтов ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдоватСлСй Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-тСхнологичСской сфСрС»).The study was financially supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the state task РИЭПП β„– 075‑01614‑22‑01 dated May 11, 2022 (project Β«Organizational, Technical and Information and Analytical Support for Monitoring Tools to Support Young Researchers in the Scientific and Technological FieldΒ»)
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