321 research outputs found
Physicochemical investigation of NiAl with small molybdenum additions
Specimens of four cast NiAl alloys, three of them containing 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 at. % Mo., were homogenized for 10, 10, and 140 hr at 1373, 1523 and 1273 K, respectively, then kept at 1073, 1173 and 1323 K for 60, 120 and 3 hr, respectively, and quenched in icy water. The precipitation of a metastable Ni3Mo phase was observed at temperatures between 1073 and 1523 K. Molybdenum substituted for nickel was found to inhibit the lattice disordering in NiAl at 1073 and 1523 K
ICP-AES analysis of high-purity arsenic
Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 10β»β·-10β»β΅ % ΠΌΠ°Ρ. (Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ), Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ: P, S, Sb, Se ΠΈ Te. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ, Π° Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ 10β»βΈ-10β»β΄ % ΠΌΠ°Ρ., ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, P, S, Sb, Se, Te ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ), ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎ 150 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ». Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ~100 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ», ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ· PFA (PerFluoroAlkoxy polymer) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² (Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 39 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ (Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe) ΠΈ Si, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (B, P, S, Sb, Se, Te). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ~10β»β·-10β»β΅ % ΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².The arc discharge atomic emission spectrometry method with pre-concentration of impurities is mainly used for multi-element analysis of high-purity arsenic. Spark ionization mass-spectrometry and neutron activation analysis are applied less often. The use of spark ionization mass-spectrometry and neutron activation analysis is quite problematic at the present time. Arc discharge atomic emission spectrometry in combination with pre-concentration of impurities makes it possible to determine the impurities at the level of 10β»βΈ-10β»β΄ % mass. At the same time the number of the determined impurities is reduced (e.g., P, S, Sb, Se, Te are getting lost during concentration by matrix sublimation) with the increase in the duration of the analysis. Thus, at the present time the express multi-element techniques of analysis of arsenic which can provide the determination of wide range of impurities at the level of 10β»β·-10β»β΅ % mass. (according to the modern requirements), including the elements P, S, Sb, Se and Te (with volatility close to that of the matrix) are actually absent. In the present paper the capabilities of available and widely used method of inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry are estimated for analysis of high-purity arsenic. The matrix interference was investigated in the process of spraying the solutions with arsenic concentration up to 150 mg/mL into inductively-coupled plasma. It was found that in order to attain low limits of quantification of impurities it is expedient to analyze sample solutions with arsenic concentration ~100 mg/mL. It does not present a problem technically. Preparation of samples in chemically resistant vials of PFA (PerFluoroAlkoxy polymer) and the use of additionally purified reagents (water, nitric acid) made it possible to decrease the effect of contaminations on the limits of quantification of most impurities. A technique for determination of 39 elements in high-purity arsenic has been developed. The diapason of determined impurities includes the most abundant metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe) and Si, as well as the elements usually getting lost during concentration by matrix sublimation (B, P, S, Sb, Se, Te). The limits of quantification (as well as the limits of detection) of impurities in arsenic are equal ~10β»β·-10β»β΅ % mass. If necessary, the range of impurities can be widened in view of the possibilities of inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the possibilities of the suggested sample preparation technique and the availability of the corresponding standard solutions of the determined elements
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ Π₯ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ« GE-SE-TE ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘-ΠΠ‘Π
One of the most important stages of the high-purity chalcogenide glassesβ analytical control is the determination of matrix elementsβ content with the uncertainty at the levels of 0.1β0.2 mol.%.Β The content of the macro-components may differ from the composition of the initial charge; therefore, an important task is the macro-composition determination of the final materials. This article describes the development of the technique for determining the matrix elements of high-purity Ge-Se-Te glasses in the range of germanium content from 10 to 35 mol. %, selenium and tellurium content from 20 to 50 mol. % with the expanded uncertainty within 0.01β0.2 mol. % (P = 0.95) using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A simple technique for the preparation of primary calibration solutions from pure elementary Ge, Se and Te is proposed. The correctness of the analysis results is confirmed by comparing the calculated matrix composition of model glass samples, prepared by direct synthesis from high-purity simple substances in the sealed quartz glass ampoule, with the analysis results.Β The main advantage of the proposed analysis technique is the absence of the need for the reference samples identical to the analyzed material, which is especially important for determination of new materialsβ matrix composition. The minimum sample mass for the determination of matrix elements is about 1 mg, which makes it possible to analyze not only bulk glass samples, but also fibers and expensive materials.Key words: Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide glasses, determination of matrix elements, high accuracy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.4.002Β D.A. Fadeeva, I.I. Evdokimov, V.G. PimenovG.G. Devyatykh Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Box-75, 49 Tropinin Str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603951,Β Russian FederationΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Ρ
Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ», ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 0.1β0.2 % ΠΌΠΎΠ». ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Ρ
Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ» Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ» ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ge-Se-Te Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 35 % ΠΌΠΎΠ»., ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΡΠ° β ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 50 % ΠΌΠΎΠ». Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 0.01β0.2Β % ΠΌΠΎΠ». (P = 0.95) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ», ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° β ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Ρ.Π΅. ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅). ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 1Β ΠΌΠ³, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ», Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: Ρ
Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° Ge-Se-Te, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.4.00
ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ XβXI Π²Π².
The study of products of copper alloys of the Lomatov culture of the X-XI centuries from the collection of the Cherdyn Museum revealed two types of patina. The first pseudomorphic might be composed of intergrowths of chlorides formed upon interaction with the sweat of the hands, or a zonal rim of cuprite-malachite-azurite composition, due to interaction with groundwater. The second type, which distorts the shape of the original product, is associated with the leaching of copper and other metals and the crystallization of oxides and salts on the surface in the form of worm-like, kidney-shaped and drusoid aggregates. Fragments of mineralized biological objects (wings, eggs and larvae of flies, mole hair) found on the surface of the patina testify to the rapid oxidation of bronze, which is associated with flooding of the soil of the burial ground immediately after burial.ΠΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ XβXI Π²Π². ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΊ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠΈΡ-ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡ-Π°Π·ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΡΠΉΡΠ° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡΡ
, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°) ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈ
Tactics of managing a patient with fatty liver disease coursing in the background of a polyorgan digestive tract: clinical observation
Preparations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are effective in the treatment of various forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurring against the background of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux. However, their effectiveness in the treatment of hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis has not been sufficiently studied. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hologenic diarrhea and reflux gastritis, including those with obesity and NAFLD. It is assumed that the combined administration of GA and UDCA can be accompanied by a mutual potentiation of the effect of the drugs. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with NAFLD, obesity, dyslipidemia, GERD, refractory to treatment with proton pump inhibitors, associated with duodenogastroesophageal reflux, reflux gastritis and hologenic diarrhea. It was shown that GERD, reflux gastritis, and hologenic diarrhea developed in the long-term period after cholecystectomy. At the same time, the appointment of a complex preparation containing GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) made it possible to stop the manifestations of a typical reflux syndrome in patients with a form of GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitors, reflux gastritis, and diarrheal syndrome associated with an excess of bile acids, improve lipid profile parameters. It has been shown that the administration of GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg) can improve the parameters of the intestinal microbiome and lipid metabolism, which can be used in the treatment of patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. At the same time, patients with comorbid pathology, including NAFLD, GERD, reflux esophagitis, hologenic diarrhea, and dyslipidemia require long-term maintenance therapy with GA (35 mg) and UDCA (250 mg)
Source material for breeding winter bread wheat in the north of the Middle Volga region
Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), due to significant progress in breeding, has high potential of biological productivity, but its implementation is quite low. To change the situation for the better, it is necessary to increase the resistance of developed cultivars to unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors in the regions of its cultivation. To solve this problem, source material is required. The purpose of this research was to evaluate a set of winter wheat accessions from the VIR collection, and first of all, the newly introduced accessions, and the accessions from the working collection of Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for variability of agronomic traits and stability under the conditions of the north of the Middle Volga region, and to identify sources promising for inclusion in the crossing programs.Materials and methods. A three-year field study of 166 winter bread wheat accessions was carried out. All accessions were assessed for their overwintering and plant and ear productivity traits using the methods developed by VIR and the State Variety Trials. The best accessions, or sources, were selected by comparing them with the reference cv. βKazan 560β, taking into account the quantitative values of such indicators as βgeneral adaptabilityβ (ΠΠΠ‘i ), variance of βspecific adaptabilityβ (Ο2Π‘ΠΠ‘i ) and βrelative stabilityβ (Sgi) for each accession according to A. V. Kilchevsky and L. V. Khotyleva.Results and conclusion. Descriptions of winter bread wheat accessions are presented in the context of their agronomic traits. Groups and subgroups of accessions with different trait variability levels were identified. Some accessions with stable levels of trait manifestation exceeded the reference in ear productivity. All of them are promising for wheat breeding programs. It is shown that the group of accessions βweakly changingβ over the years of study differs from the group of βmoderately/strongly changingβ accessions in values of correlations between traits and the number of significant correlations
The state of dental health in patients with malignant neoplasms
The incidence of malignant neoplasms remains one of the most significant problems in medicine. There is no doubt that oncological diseases have a complex interaction with the body. The General mechanisms of occurrence and progression of the tumor process are intensively studied, and to date, a huge amount of material on molecular and clinical Oncology has been accumulated, it is used in related disciplines. This article covers the study of the dental status of patients with different localizations of cancer.ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Source material for breeding winter bread wheat for grain quality in the north of the Middle Volga Region
Background. Development of cultivars with high stable yields and high grain quality is the main trend in wheat breeding. The aim of this study was to characterize a set of winter bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection and the working collection of Kazan Scientific Center in terms of their yield, protein content in grain (P, %), and swelling of flour in acetic acid (S, ml), and select the best accessions for the combination of these characters for use in a crossbreeding program.Materials and methods. Twenty-three winter bread wheat accessions were studied for the abovementioned characters in the north of the Middle Volga Region using conventional techniques. The study lasted three years (2016β2019).Results and conclusion. The yield of the accessions varied across the years of studies; however, none of them surpassed the reference cv. βKazanskaya 560β. The values of protein content in grain were medium or high. The following accessions had high and stable levels of protein content in grain (15.1β16.1%): βTAW 42971/80β (k-58363, Germany); βLutescens 471 N8β (Kazakhstan); βRitaβ (k-58057), βScottyβ (k-59322) and βNelsonβ (all from the U.S.); βMoskovskaya 39β (k-65160, Russia); βBilotserkivchankaβ (k-64330) and βBarkanβ (k-64495) (both from Ukraine). Flour swelling power in acetic acid did not fall below 50 ml, attesting to the formation of high-quality grain. This was also confirmed by the protein quality index determined by the S : P ratio, which ranged from 3.6 to 4.7. Sources with high-quality protein were selected from the tested accessions for use in breeding: βCDC Clairβ (k-64168, Canada), βLutescens 471 Π8β (Kazakhstan), βMoskovskaya 39β (Russia), βBarkanβ (Ukraine), and βFavorytkaβ (k-64337, Ukraine)
Experimental Modeling of General Purulent Peritonitis
General purulent peritonitis takes one of the first places in the structure of purulent complications. Despite the im provement of methods of diagnosis and treatment, mortality in postoperative purulent peritonitis remains quite high.Aim of the study: develop a reproducible model of postoperative general peritonitis to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of its development and the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 18 Wistar male rats aged 6 months, weighing 250β300 grams. Animals underwent laparotomy and modeling of postoperative general peritonitis according to the proposed method. Hospital strains of Escherichia coli BRLS 109 and Bacteroides fragilis 109 (strain ISCST1982, registered in Genbank), which we isolated from patients with acute appendicitis, with a total volume of 1.0 ml per animal, were used as infectious agents. Animals were taken out of the experiment under anesthesia with compliance with the rules of euthanasia at 1st, 3rd, 7th days after surgery. For morphological studies, samples of a fragment of the abdominal wall and cecum were taken. Bacteriological studies were performed on the 3rd, 7th day from the beginning of the experiment.Results. It was established that all animals developed peritonitis with the progression of purulent-destructive changes in the abdominal cavity and the development of adhesions, which was confirmed by the data of the morphological method of research. According to the results of bacteriological studies on the 3rd day, exudate infection was detected in all rats (in 100 % of observations). E. coli BLS were isolated in all cases at concentrations of 103β104 CFU/ml. The strain B. fragilis is inoculated in 3 animals at a concentration of 103 CFU/ml, which made 50 %. By the 7th day, only an aerobic E. coli strain of BLS was detected in peritoneal exudate at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml in the complete absence of growth of B. fragilis.Conclusion. We have developed a model of postoperative general peritonitis, which allows us to study the dynamics of the development of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity and, in terms of its clinical manifestations, is close to a real human disease. The reproducibility of the model is 100 %, which is confirmed by microbiological and morphological data
How do Russian Researchers Evaluate Grants as a Tool for the Development of Science?
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (N=1700), ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² 2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 80 ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ββ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ; ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ; ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ», ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄; ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ SPSS, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² 2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.The problem under consideration is connected with the active modernization of the research and development sector in Russia, which takes place under existing restrictions. On the one hand, there is a request for scientific and technological sovereignty, increasing the scholarsβ responsibility for the social and economic development of the country. On the other hand, the impact of various tools to support the scientistsβ activity, these tools affecting their position, reputation and career, is being re-assessed. The article presents data from a 2022 mass sociological survey of grantees (N=1700) from more than 60 Russian regions and more than 80 organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The survey materials showed the significant role of fundsβ grant support for the preservation and development of the scholarsβ scientific potential, for attracting new researchers, and for creating a competitive knowledge generation sector. The article analyzes the institutional changes in the activities of Russian scientific foundations as perceived by grantees ββ
scientific and pedagogical workers, administrative and managerial staff. There are identified the most acute problems that make it difficult for Russian researchers to receive grants and to fulfill corresponding requirements in todayβs conditions. For the first time a mass survey of grantees of Russian scientific foundations was conducted, which allowed identifying the most significant functions of grants: economic function; selective function affecting competition among researchers; symbolic function affecting the reputation of scientists, scientific schools, research teams; positive impact on the development of research competencies, careers of scientists, the scientific potential of the higher school, etc. The empirical base of the article is represented by materials collected within a questionnaire survey. The methods of quantitative analysis and content analysis of the open questions were used to process the research materials. Quantitative data processing was carried out using the SPSS program; materials of open questions were analyzed using methods of generalization and systematization. As a result, there were distinguished the positive effects of grant support over scientistsβ research activities, as well as the granteesβ problems to be concerned. The risks of research projects non-completion in connection with the sanctions restrictions imposed in 2022 are analyzed. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing approaches to the formation of a policy for financing scientific activities in Russia, when working out possible directions for further scientistsβ support, and when searching for new mechanisms to support young researchers.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠΠΠ β 075β01614β22β01 ΠΎΡ 11.05.2022 Π³. (ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Β«ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Β»).The study was financially supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the state task Π ΠΠΠΠ β 075β01614β22β01 dated May 11, 2022 (project Β«Organizational, Technical and Information and Analytical Support for Monitoring Tools to Support Young Researchers in the Scientific and Technological FieldΒ»)
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