Cell Cycle Inhibition and Apoptotic Induction of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaves Extract on MCF-7 Cell Line

OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity, cell cycle inhibition, and apoptosis induction of the ethyl acetate extract of the African leaves Vernonia amygdalina Del. on the MCF-7 cancer cells.   METHODS: The extraction of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaves was done using the maceration method whereas the cytotoxic was performed using MTT assay. After that, the cell cycle testing and apoptosis induction were conducted using flow cytometry assay.   RESULTS: The IC50  values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Del. on the MCF-7 cancer cells were 206.211±0.99, 50,365±0.07, and 967.033 ± 2.68 µg/mL, respectively. The percentage of the cycle cell results in the G0-G1 phase in the cell control with 72.08% decreased in the treatment with ethyl acetate extract 1/2 IC50 with 62.58% and 1/5 IC50 with 44.72%. For the S and G2-M phase, the highest percentage was found in the ethyl acetate extract 1/5 IC50 treatment with 47.27% and 9.50% which were higher than the control cells with 23.26% and 5.90%.   CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the Vernonia amygdalina Del. extract provides chemopreventive agent as anti-cancer. Our future study will assess the mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction in inhibiting angiogenesis and metastatic in breast cancer

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL JOMBANG DALAM PRESPEKTIF ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR

This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the local culture of Jombang in an ethnomathematics perspective on the material for flat shapes used in mathematics learning for class IV on the circumference and area of ​​flat shapes. The research method used is development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The data collected is related to the effectiveness of teaching materials. The subject of the product trial was carried out on 20 class IV students of SD Negeri Mlancu 2. The instrument used was student learning outcomes. From the results of trials that have been carried out, the effectiveness of teaching materials based on Jombang local culture in an ethnomathematics perspective on flat shape material is 85% with effective details. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that teaching materials based on the local culture of Jombang in an ethnomathematics perspective on flat shape material can be used in learning mathematics on the circumference and area of ​​flat shapes.   Keywords: elementary mathematics, ethnomatematics, local culture of jomban

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL JOMBANG DALAM PRESPEKTIF ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR

This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the local culture of Jombang in an ethnomathematics perspective on the material for flat shapes used in mathematics learning for class IV on the circumference and area of ​​flat shapes. The research method used is development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The data collected is related to the effectiveness of teaching materials. The subject of the product trial was carried out on 20 class IV students of SD Negeri Mlancu 2. The instrument used was student learning outcomes. From the results of trials that have been carried out, the effectiveness of teaching materials based on Jombang local culture in an ethnomathematics perspective on flat shape material is 85% with effective details. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that teaching materials based on the local culture of Jombang in an ethnomathematics perspective on flat shape material can be used in learning mathematics on the circumference and area of ​​flat shapes.   Keywords: elementary mathematics, ethnomatematics, local culture of jomban