Inside the Image and the Word: the Re/membering of Indigenous Identities

By appropriating the power of writing of the phonetic Latin alphabet and recent visual technology, new generations of indigenous people from the Americas have been able to articulate and reinforce their own sense of identity from within their cultural constructs. In so doing, they have been shaping new narratives of indigenous adaptation and survival based on native ontologies and epistemologies that critically decolonize the homogenizing forces of national and global rhetoric. I argue that the texts under examination put forward ways to conceive and to know individual and communal identity that cannot be understood outside specific, ancient notions of territoriality and re/membering

Bootstrap inference on Fully Modified Estimates of Cointegrating Coefficients: A Comment

A bootstrap algorithm proposed by Psaradakis (2001) for hypothesis testing in I(1) regressions is discussed and shown to be valid only under the null hypothesis. A simple correction making the procedure valid under both the null and the alternative hypothesis is proposed.

Testing economic geography: Italy, 1951-1991

A rural country in the 1950's, Italy is now a large industrial economy. In this paper we show through a joint analysis of spatial autocorrelation and concentration of employment that this development has not been driven by centre-periphery mechanisms.

Bootstrapping and Bartlett corrections in the cointegrated VAR model

The small sample properties of tests on long-run coefficients in cointegrated systems are still a matter of concern to applied econometricians. We compare the performance of the Bartlett correction, the bootstrap and the fast double bootstrap for tests on cointegration parameters in the maximum likelihood framework. We show by means of a theorical result and simulations that all three procedures should be based on the unrestricted estimate of the cointegration vectors. The fast double bootstrap delivers superior size correction, whereas the Bartlett correction leads to the least loss of power. However all three perform much better than the asymptotic tests and difference between them are small.

The long-run relationship between savings and investment in oil-exporting developing countries: A case study of the Gulf Arab States

The relationship between national saving and investment over the long term is examined for six Gulf Arab oil-exporting developing countries -- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. We show that, provided some large outliers are properly accounted for, long-run equilibrium relationships between saving and investment (both total and fixed) exist in these countries. Since these countries have typically large current account surpluses such relationships cannot be explained by standard arguments. Our hypothesis is that the response of investment to saving largely depends on domestic absorptive capacity.Saving-investment correlation; oil-exporting developing countries; GCC countries; absorptive capacity; outlier detection; integrated process.

Testing for breaks in cointegrated panels

Stability tests for cointegrating coefficients are known to have very low power with small to medium sample sizes. In this paper we propose to solve this problem by extending the tests to dependent cointegrated panels through the stationary bootstrap. Simulation evidence shows that the proposed panel tests improve considerably on asymptotic tests applied to individual series. As an empirical illustration we examined investment and saving for a panel of 14 European countries over the 1960-2002 period. While the individual stability tests, contrary to expectations and graphical evidence, in almost all cases do not reject the null of stability, the bootstrap panel tests lead to the more plausible conclusion that the long-run relationship between these two variables is likely to have undergone a break.Panel cointegration; stationary bootstrap; parameter stability tests

A Panel Cointegration study of the long-run relationship between Savings and Investments in the OECD economies, 1970-2007

In this paper we test for the existence of a long-run savings-investments relationship in 18 OECD economies over the period 1970-2007. Although individual modelling provides only very weak support to the hypothesis of a link between savings and investments, this cannot be ruled out as individual time series tests may have low power. We thus construct a new bootstrap test for panel cointegration robust to short- and long-run dependence across units. Thid test provides evidence of a long-run savings-investments relationship in about half of the OECD economies examined. The elasticities are however often smaller than 1, the value expected under no capital movements.Savings, Investments, Feldstein-Horioka puzzle, OECD, Panel Cointegration, Stationary Bootstrap.

The long-term decline of internal migration in Canada – Ontario as a case study

Migration between the Canadian provinces generally followed a declining trend over the period 1971-2004. In this paper, taking Ontario a case study, we seek to explain these patterns using recent panel cointegration methods that are robust to cross-section dependence. Estimation of heterogenous models suggests that the determinants of migration vary across provinces. Overall, unemployment differential and income in the sending province appear to be the most important ones, with income and federal transfer differentials playing only a minor role.Internal migration; panel cointegration; bootstrap; Canada

A residual-based bootstrap test for panel cointegration

We address the issue of panel cointegration testing in dependent panels, showing by simulations that tests based on the stationary bootstrap deliver good size and power performances even with small time and cross-section sample sizes and allowing for a break at a known date. They can thus be an empirically important alternative to asymptotic methods based on the estimation of common factors. Potential extensions include test for cointegration allowing for a break in the cointegrating coefficients at an unknown date.Panel Cointegration, Stationary Bootstrap, Commmon Factors.

Imigração italiana na colônia Conde D’Eu e a Societá Italiana di Mútuo Soccorso Stella D’Itália

Este trabalho analisa a imigração italiana na antiga colônia Conde D’Eu, no atual município de Garibaldi, na serra gaúcha, e as atividades do associativismo italiano, com destaque para a Sociedade Italiana de Mútuo Socorro Stella D’Itália, constituída no ano de 1878. A emigração italiana consolidou-se com o intuito de manter o equilíbrio socioeconômico da Itália, após os interesses capitalistas de produção surgirem com a Reunificação e a formação do Reino Italiano. Um dos países que incluíram os italianos em seu processo imigratório foi o Brasil, que pretendia branquear a população brasileira, ocupar as terras devolutas, substituindo o trabalho escravo pelo trabalho livre, principalmente agrícola, também como forma de proteger e legitimar as suas fronteiras. O Rio Grande do Sul intensifica seu processo imigratório recepcionando italianos a partir de 1870, com o intuito de abastecer o mercado interno através da agricultura, povoando terras devolutas e criando núcleos coloniais. A partir de então, inicia-se a nova fase vivida pelos imigrantes italianos aqui estabelecidos, os quais são abordados neste trabalho, através da Colônia Conde D’Eu, que recebe imigrantes italianos em sua quase totalidade e em maior fluxo a partir de 1875. A Sociedade de Mútuo Socorro estabelecida nesta colônia era o refúgio dos imigrantes italianos, onde os mesmos podiam cultuar suas crenças, costumes e atividades como, por exemplo, momentos de solidariedade, amizades, lazer, atendimentos médicos, reuniões e assistência social. Além disso, a principal função do associativismo, implementado não somente nesta região sul do país, mas também em outras regiões, era a de auxílio financeiro. A pesquisa documental apoia-se nos documentos administrativos, sobretudo nos Estatutos, e registros fotográficos. Foi realizada também uma pesquisa nos registros paroquiais do final do século XIX. Pode-se observar que o perfil dos associados estava ligado aos interesses materiais que a Sociedade viria a oferecer-lhes, pois a maioria chegava na região destinada a seu estabelecimento com muito pouco, principalmente sem recursos ou sem o apoio que deveriam receber do governo provincial. Tais sociedades ficavam encarregadas de abrigar os imigrantes, ajudá-los com emprego e até mesmo empréstimos financeiros. Já as lideranças destas sociedades tinham atuação principal no contexto político, reivindicando os direitos dos imigrantes, intermediando as demandas entre os italianos e as lideranças políticas locais como um elo de contato com a pátria mãe, a Itália, que através da Sociedade enviava materiais e auxílio financeiro, e possibilitava um espaço de comunicação para manter viva a cultura italiana dos imigrantes. Em Garibaldi, a Sociedade teve como preceito a ajuda mútua entre os compatriotas italianos, sendo utilizada como albergue, escola