Flavonoids quantification in Acer negundo L., extracts by hplc analysis

a) objective: The objective of this work was to identify and quantify flavonoids from leaf and stem extracts of Acer negundo by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. b) design / methodology / approach: Ethanolic extracts of Acer negundo were subjected to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the quantification and identification of the main antioxidant flavonoids. c) results: In leaf extracts the highest concentrations were for rutin (34.19 µg/mL) and catechin (33.97 µg/mL); in mean concentration apigenin (19.05 µg/mL), gallic acid (19. 04 µg/mL), ferulic acid (17.2 µg/mL) and 2.5 dihydroxybenzoic acid (12.72 µg/mL); and in lower concentration caffeic acid (6.15 µg/mL), quercetin-3-?-glucoside (4.97 µg/mL) and isorhamnetin (4.68 µg/mL). In the stem extracts the highest concentrations were for ferulic acid (7.96 µg/mL), rutin (5.61 µg/mL) and catechin (4.37 µg/mL); at the medium concentration isorhamnetin (3.31 µg/mL) and quercetin-3-?-glucoside (2.01 µg/mL) were identified and at the lowest concentration apigenin (0.79 µg/mL) was identified but gallic acid, caffeic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were not detected. d) limitations/implications: Some flavonoids have been identified in other Acer species, but have not been identified and quantified in Acer negundo, a Mexican species. e) findings/conclusions: For the first time we report on gentisic acid in Acer negundo leaf extracts. This analytical method can be standardized to serve as a quality analysis of maple tree products.Objective: The identify and quantify, by high performance liquid chromatography,Nflavonoids from leaf and stem extracts of Acer negundo.Design/methodology/approach: Ethanolic extracts of Acer negundo were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography to quantify and identify their major antioxidant flavonoids.Results: Leaf extracts had high concentrations of rutin (34.19 µg/mL) and catechin (33.97 µg/mL), intermediate concentrations of apigenin (19.05 µg/mL), gallic acid (19.04 µg/mL), ferulic acid (17.2 µg/mL) and 2.5 dihydroxybenzoic acid (12.72 µg/mL), and low concentrations of caffeic acid (6.15 µg/mL), quercetin-3-β-glucoside (4.97 µg/mL) and isorhamnetin (4.68 µg/mL). In the stem´s extracts, the highest concentrations were of ferulic acid (7.96 µg/mL), rutin (5.61 µg/mL) and catechin (4.37 µg/mL); medium concentration were identified for isorhamnetin (3.31 µg/mL) and quercetin-3-β-glucoside (2.01 µg/mL) and apigenin (0.79 µg/mL) was identified at the low concentrations. Gallic acid, caffeic acid or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were not detected.Limitations/implications: Some flavonoids have been identified in other Acer species but have not been identified and quantified in Acer negundo, a Mexicanspecies.Findings/conclusions: For the first time we report gentisic acid in Acer negundo leaf extracts. This analytical method can be standardized to serve as a qualityanalysis of maple tree products

Genetic Variant of DNAM-1 rs763361 C>T Is Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Mexican Population

DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed in CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and monocytes. It has been reported that two SNPs in the DNAM-1 gene, rs763361 C>T and rs727088 G>A, have been associated with different autoimmune diseases; however, the role of DNAM-1 in ankylosing spondylitis has been less studied. For this reason, we focused on the study of these two SNPs in association with ankylosing spondylitis. For this, 34 patients and 70 controls were analyzed using endpoint PCR with allele-specific primers. Our results suggest that rs763361 C>T is involved as a possible protective factor under the CT co-dominant model (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13–0.88, p = 0.022) and the CT + TT dominant model (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17–0.90, p = 0.025), while rs727088 G>A did not show an association with the disease in any of the inheritance models. When analyzing the relationships of the haplotypes, we found that the T + A haplotype (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13–0.73, p = 0.0083) is a protective factor for developing the disease. In conclusion, the CT and CT + TT variants of rs763361 C>T and the T + A haplotype were considered as protective factors for developing ankylosing spondylitis

Efectos del PREDA Audiovisual (PREDA-AV) en la Deshonestidad Académica y sus actitudes

Depto. de Investigación y Psicología en EducaciónFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte