Une nécrolyse épidermique induite par pembrolizumab chez un patient atteint d’un cancer pulmonaire

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Troubles neurologiques compliquant une néoplasie du col utérin

A 47-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital for visual disorders and paresthesia on her left hemiface and her superior left limb. Symptoms appeared about a month before. The patient is currently under treatment for a non metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma, of stage IIIb according to FIGO. Further exams show bilateral hypodense cerebral lesions of unknown origin despite many complementary tests, among which a transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, autoimmune and infectious testings. During her hospitalisation, the patient's condition worsens on the neurologic and cardiac levels in spite of a wide-spectrum empirical antibiotherapy initiated with the presumed diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. The repetition of cardiac echocardiographies ends up showing a nodule on the mitral valve. The context of neoplasia, negative hemocultures and serologies, lead us to evoke the diagnostic of marantic endocarditis even though this kind of complication was rarely described in cases of cervical neoplasia. An anticoagulant treatment is therefore initiated and the patient's state will progressively improve, at least at first.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Pseudotumeur cérébrale due à la prise de minocycline

The cerebral pseudotumor (PTC) is defined by the increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, a normal composition of the latter in the absence of identified intracranial structural abnormalities, in particular by neuroimaging. The pathophysiology of PTC is poorly understood although its diagnostic criteria are well established. Drugs such as minocycline, tet racycline and doxycycline have been repeatedly implicated as a causative factor in PTC. The prognosis of PTC related to minocycline, reported in the literature is quite variable. Some authors suggest a benign condit ion with spontaneous healing by stopping the antibiotic, while others report permanent loss of vision. A 12-year-old girl is admitted to the emergency room for progressively progressive pulsatile temporal headaches associated with diplopia. The patient reported the use of minocycline 50 mg / d for five months, prescribed by her attending physician as part of an acne treatment. PTC will be demonstrated by severe papillary edema and cerebral NMR will demonstrate an enlargement of the subarachnoid space around the optic nerves. After three lumbar punctures, the condition of the patient stabilized and there was a marked improvement in headache despite the persistence of bilateral papillary edema. This work describes a clinical case of PTC induced by the use of minocycline and reviews the physiopathology, the diagnosis and the management of this one.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Intra-arrest transnasal evaporative cooling: a randomized, prehospital, multicenter study (PRINCE: Pre-ROSC IntraNasal Cooling Effectiveness).

Transnasal evaporative cooling has sufficient heat transfer capacity for effective intra-arrest cooling and improves survival in swine. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and cooling efficacy of prehospital transnasal cooling in humans and to explore its effects on neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled TrialResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of intra-arrest trans-nasal evaporative cooling in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a pooled individual participant data analysis

Background: Randomized trials have shown that trans-nasal evaporative cooling initiated during CPR (i.e. intra-arrest) effectively lower core body temperature in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. However, these trials may have been underpowered to detect significant differences in neurologic outcome, especially in patients with initial shockable rhythm. Methods: We conducted a post hoc pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized trials including 851 patients who eventually received the allocated intervention and with available outcome (“as-treated” analysis). Primary outcome was survival with favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] of 1–2) according to the initial rhythm (shockable vs. non-shockable). Secondary outcomes included complete neurological recovery (CPC 1) at hospital discharge. Results: Among the 325 patients with initial shockable rhythms, favourable neurological outcome was observed in 54/158 (34.2%) patients in the intervention and 40/167 (24.0%) in the control group (RR 1.43 [confidence intervals, CIs 1.01–2.02]). Complete neurological recovery was observed in 40/158 (25.3%) in the intervention and 27/167 (16.2%) in the control group (RR 1.57 [CIs 1.01–2.42]). Among the 526 patients with initial non-shockable rhythms, favourable neurological outcome was in 10/259 (3.8%) in the intervention and 13/267 (4.9%) in the control group (RR 0.88 [CIs 0.52–1.29]; p = 0.67); survival and complete neurological recovery were also similar between groups. No significant benefit was observed for the intervention in the entire population. Conclusions: In this pooled analysis of individual data, intra-arrest cooling was associated with a significant increase in favourable neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with initial shockable rhythms. Future studies are needed to confirm the potential benefits of this intervention in this subgroup of patients.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults over 80 : outcome and the perception of appropriateness by clinicians

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of clinician perception of inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) regarding the last out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) encountered in an adult 80 years or older and its relationship to patient outcome. DESIGN: Subanalysis of an international multicenter cross‐sectional survey (REAPPROPRIATE). SETTING: Out‐of‐hospital CPR attempts registered in Europe, Israel, Japan, and the United States in adults 80 years or older. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 611 clinicians of whom 176 (28.8%) were doctors, 123 (20.1%) were nurses, and 312 (51.1%) were emergency medical technicians/paramedics. RESULTS AND MEASUREMENTS: The last CPR attempt among patients 80 years or older was perceived as appropriate by 320 (52.4%) of the clinicians; 178 (29.1%) were uncertain about the appropriateness, and 113 (18.5%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the “appropriate” subgroup was 8 of 265 (3.0%), 1 of 164 (.6%) in the “uncertain” subgroup, and 2 of 107 (1.9%) in the “inappropriate” subgroup (P = .23); 503 of 564 (89.2%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms. CPR attempts in nursing homes accounted for 124 of 590 (21.0%) of the patients and were perceived as appropriate by 44 (35.5%) of the clinicians; 45 (36.3%) were uncertain about the appropriateness; and 35 (28.2%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the nursing home patients was 0 of 107 (0%); 104 of 111 (93.7%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms. Overall, 36 of 543 (6.6%) CPR attempts were undertaken despite a known written do not attempt resuscitation decision; 14 of 36 (38.9%) clinicians considered this appropriate, 9 of 36 (25.0%) were uncertain about its appropriateness, and 13 of 36 (36.1%) considered this inappropriate. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that despite generally poor outcomes for older patients undergoing CPR, many emergency clinicians do not consider these attempts at resuscitation to be inappropriate. A professional and societal debate is urgently needed to ensure that first we do not harm older patients by futile CPR attempts. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:39–45, 201