Results of the INRICH pathway analysis.

<p>Results of the INRICH pathway analysis are shown in bar plot format. The x-axis shows negative logarithmic enrichment p-values for all nominally associated pathways containing two and more genes prior to- (gray) and after- (blue) correction for multiple testing. The red horizontal line indicates a p-value of 0.05.</p

Results of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.

<p>Results of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) are shown in bar plot format. The x-axis shows negative logarithmic enrichment p-values for all associated pathways containing two and more genes prior to- (gray) and after- (blue) Benjamini Hochberg correction for multiple testing. The red horizontal line indicates a p-value of 0.05.</p

IPA pathway synaptic long term potentiation.

<p>Results of the Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) for the pathway “Synaptic Long Term Potentiation” are shown. Shared schizophrenia-bipolar disorder associated genes (<i>GRIN2A</i>, <i>GRM3</i>, <i>CACNA1C</i>) are highlighted in purple.</p

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies