HIGHER VARIABILITY IN DYADIC INTERACTION PLAYS A POSITIVE ROLE IN THE DECISION MAKING OF FUTSAL PASSING

This study investigated the role the dyadic interaction variability plays in influencing decision making on passing in the sport of futsal. Participants were 40 male students (M = 13.6 years, SD = 0.7) from physical education classes of a Brazilian school. They were randomly divided into eight teams, which played four games of 24 minutes according to the rules of the under-14 category of the local Futsal Federation. From the games, a sample of 80 sequences of play involving passes were randomly selected, from the moment the ball carrier got possession of the ball until the moment he passed it. From the x and y coordinates of all outfield players’ displacement, variability of running correlation, cross-correlation, centroid and interpersonal distance were calculated as measures of dyadic interaction. Results showed that the interaction of passer and receiver dyads were more variable than the remaining dyads. Moreover, it was verified that passer dyad had the highest variability. The findings enabled us to conclude that, from the attackers’ point of view, variability played a positive role. In addition, it appeared that the passer sought to disrupt the interaction with his defender to perform the pass more than his teammates did to receive it. It appears that the skills of passing and receiving in the sport of futsal imply the ability to vary.</p

The volleyball setter’s decision-making on attacking

The aim of this study was to investigate the volleyball setter’s decisionmaking on tipping, based on spatiotemporal variables of interaction between players and between players and the game environment. The sample consisted of 172 sequences of 20 volleyball games from 6 male and 10 female teams. The actions selected for analysis were 86 tips and 86 sets (control group), both made by the setters. From the players’ x and y coordinates of displacement trajectory, 37 spatiotemporal measures of players’ interaction were calculated as dependent variables, which were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that tips and sets differed in terms of (i) final area between opponents, (ii) displacement of setter to reach the ball, (iii) displacement velocity of setter to reach the ball, (iv) distance between setter and net in the initial moment, (v) distance between setter and net in the final moment, (vi) pass velocity and (vii) final distance between setter and blockers. It was concluded that these variables formed a spatiotemporal configuration of the game that influenced the setter’s decision-making on tipping.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of defender’s positional gap on the aces in the sport of volleyball

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the defending players' positioning on the service outcomes. Thirty-nine sequences of play involving serves were selected from nine games of a Professional Championship of volleyball held in Brazil. They characterized three main situations: (a) aces (serves that the ball hit the ground of the opponent's court without being touched by any defending player) (n = 13), (b) serves which a defending player touched the ball but there was no continuity in the rally (n = 13), and (c) serves received successfully, that is, a defender received the ball and made possible the continuity of the rally (n = 13). These situations were compared by considering the following variables: (1) defender’s distance to the place of serve finalization, (2) velocity of defender's displacement to the place of serve finalization; (3) variability of defending player’s displacement; and, (4) serve velocity. Results showed that the defender’s distance to the place of serve finalization in the aces were greater than in the both other situations. The findings allowed us to conclude that in competitive performances in the sport of volleyball, the defender’s distance to the place of serve finalization determined the service outcomes.This work was supported by the Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, awarded to the first author

Spatio-temporal relations as constraints of the decision-makings in the soccer\'s penalty area

Este estudo investigou as tomadas de decisões de jogadores dentro da grande área do futebol com base em variáveis espaciais e espaço-temporais de coordenações interpessoal e extrapessoal. Participaram do estudo 150 jogadores do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 38 anos, e experiência de prática neste esporte de, no mínimo, 7 anos. Foram filmados 12 jogos de futebol de um campeonato amador na Colômbia. As imagens capturadas foram analisadas através do software TACTO, e as variáveis consideradas para análise foram as seguintes: i) ângulo de chute, formado por vetores ligando o jogador com posse de bola a dois componentes do jogo que geravam uma lacuna no gol; ii) ângulo A de passe, composto por vetores conectando o portador da bola ao seu marcador mais próximo e ao seu companheiro de equipe; iii) ângulo B de passe, formado por vetores ligando o portador da bola ao seu companheiro de equipe e ao marcador mais próximo dele; iv) distância interpessoal, caracterizada pela distância entre o jogador com posse de bola e seu defensor mais próximo; v) velocidade e variabilidade relacionadas às mudanças em cada uma dessas medidas. Essas variáveis foram comparadas em relação a situações de chute, passe e drible. Os resultados revelaram que, em relação à decisão de chutar, o ângulo de chute representando a interação entre as possibilidades de completá-lo e de o mesmo ser interceptado, diferiu do mesmo ângulo em que as decisões de passe e drible foram tomadas; e, na decisão de driblar, a distância interpessoal apresentou diferenças com as situações em que o passe foi executado. Concluiu-se que, no caso do chute ao gol e o drible, os ângulos de chute e distâncias interpessoais, respectivamente, funcionaram como variáveis informacionais de coordenações interpessoal e extrapessoal importantes para as tomadas de decisãoThis study investigated the players\' decision-makings within the penalty area of the soccer based on spatial and spatio-temporal variables of interpersonal and extrapersonal coordination. Participants included 150 male players aged between 18-38 years and at least 7 years of experience. For this purpose, 12 soccer games of an amateur Colombian championship were recorded, and analysed using the TACTO software. The spatial and spatiotemporal variables were: (i) shooting angle formed by vectors liking the ball carrier to two game components that generated a gap in the goal; (ii) passing angle A composed by passing vectors connecting the ball carrier to his nearest defender and to a teammate; (iii) passing angle B formed by vectors linking the ball carrier to a teammate and to the teammate\'s nearest defender; (iv) interpersonal distance characterized by distance between the ball carrier and his nearest defender; v) velocity and variability related to the changes of each these measures. These variables were compared in relation to shooting, passing, and dribbling actions. The results revealed that, regarding to the decision of shooting, the passing angle representing the interaction between possibilities to complete it and for it to be intercepted, differed from the same angle at which the passing and dribbling decisions were made; concerning to dribbling actions, the interpersonal distance was different from the same measure when the passing was chosen. It was concluded that, in the case of shooting at goal and dribbling, the shooting angle and the interpersonal distance, respectively, functioned as important informational variables of extrapersonal and interpersonal coordination in decision making

Adaptation in the soccer game considering the teams as hierarchical organized systems.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a adaptação no jogo de futebol considerando as equipes como sistemas abertos organizados hierarquicamente. Tratam-se de sistemas multiníveis organizados em todo-parte, respectivamente macroestrutura-microestrutura, em qualquer nível da hierarquia. Foram filmados cinco jogos de futebol do Campeonato Paulista (3 jogos) e da Copa do Brasil (2 jogos) da categoria Sub-20. Os deslocamentos dos jogadores foram digitalizados por meio do software Digital Vídeo for Windows -DVIDEOW. A partir das coordenadas xe ydos posicionamentos dos jogadores foram calculadas as seguintes variáveis: centroide de cada equipe (medida de macroestrutura) e distância entre cada jogador e o centroide da sua equipe (medida de microestrutura). Os dados de cada ataque/defesa foram agrupados por meio do método de variância mínima de Ward com base na distância Euclidiana.Os resultados mostraram que: (1) houve mais padrões de microestrutura do que de macroestrutura; (2) os referidos padrões foram executados randomicamente ao longo do jogo; (3) houve correspondência entre certos padrões de ataque e defesa; (4) as equipes alcançaram o mesmo desfecho por meio de diferentes padrões e diferentes desfechos com o mesmo padrão; (5) o número de padrões variou entre as equipes e entre jogos, independentemente do resultado do jogo; (6) em todos os ataques que finalizaram em gol houve mudanças em relação ao padrão do ataque anterior, sendo que algumas dessas mudanças levaram a padrões novos. Concluiu-se que, como sistemas organizados hierarquicamente, as equipes de futebol apresentaram macro consistência e micro flexibilidade, assim como se comportam de maneira não linear ao longo do jogo e entre jogos. Além disso, as equipes tiveram a capacidade de equifinalidade intra-jogo e entre jogos, uma vez que o mesmo desfecho foi obtido por diferentes vias. Por fim, pode-se concluir que a mudança no comportamento da macro e/ou microestrutura resultou em gol, principalmente, quando a mudança implicou em comportamento novoThe objective of this study was to investigate the adaptation in the soccer game considering the teams as hierarchically organized open systems. These are multilevel systems organized in whole/part, respectively macrostructure-microstructure, at any level of the hierarchy. Five soccer matches of the Campeonato Paulista (3 games) and the Copa do Brasil (2 games) of the under-20 category were filmed. The players\' displacements were digitized using the Digital Video for Windows - DVIDEOW software. From the x and y coordinates of the players\' positions the following variables were calculated: centroid of each team (macrostructure measure) and distance between each player and the centroid of his team (microstructure measure). Data of each attack and defense were grouped using Ward\'s minimum variance method based on Euclidean distance. The results showed that: (1) the number of patterns of microstructure was greater than macrostructure; (2) these patterns were performed randomly throughout the game; (3) there was correspondence between certain patterns of attack and defense; (4) teams achieved the same outcome through different patterns and different outcomes with the same pattern; (5) the number of patterns varied between teams and between games, regardless of the outcome of the game; (6) in all attacks that ended with the goal there were changes in relation to the pattern of the previous attack, some of which led to new patterns. It was concluded that, as an organized hierarchically systems, soccer teams showed macro consistency and micro flexibility, as well as behave in a non-linear manner throughout the game and between games. In addition, teams had the capacity for equifinality, since the same outcome was achieved by different means. Finally, it can be concluded that the change in the behavior of the macro and/or microstructure resulted in a goal, especially when the change implied new behavio

A influência dos constraints espaço-temporais na tomada de decisões na grande área do futebol

Este estudio investigó la influencia de variables espacio-temporales de coordinación interpersonal en la toma de decisiones de jugadores dentro del área de penalti en el fútbol. Fueron analizadas jugadas de remate (n= 71), pase (n= 26) y regate (n= 30), seleccionadas de 12 partidos de fútbol de un campeonato amateur en Colombia. Las imágenes capturadas fueron analizadas a través del software TACTO. Las variables espacio-temporales utilizadas para el análisis fueron: i) ángulo de remate: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con los dos adversarios que generan el mayor espacio en la portería; ii) ángulo A de pase: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con su marcador más próximo y su compañero de equipo; iii) ángulo B de pase: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con su compañero de equipo y el marcador más próximo a él; iv) distancia interpersonal: entre el atacante en posesión del balón y su adversario más cercano; v) velocidad: tasa de cambio de cada una de las medidas en función del tiempo de duración de la acción; vi) variabilidad: coeficiente de variación de cada una de las medidas desde el comienzo hasta el final de la acción. Los resultados mostraron que, los valores del ángulo de remate fueron más altos en las situaciones que los jugadores decidieron rematar, en comparación con las situaciones en que los jugadores decidieron pasar o regatear; y, que las distancias interpersonales fueron más cortas en las situaciones de regate, en comparación con las situaciones de pase. En conclusión, los ángulos de remate y distancias interpersonales, influenciaron en la toma de decisiones del remate y regate, respectivamente.Abstract: This study investigated the influence of spatio-temporal variables of interpersonal coordination on players’ decision-making within the penalty area of the soccer. We analyzed shooting events (n= 71), passing (n= 26) y dribbling (n= 30), which was choose from 12 games of an amateur Colombian championship and analysed using TACTO software. The spatiotemporal variables were: (i) shooting angle: formed by vectors liking the ball carrier (vertex) to two opponents that generated a gap in the goal; (ii) passing angle A: vectors connecting the ball carrier (vertex) to his nearest defender and to a teammate; (iii) passing angle B: vectors linking the ball carrier (vertex) to a teammate and to the teammate’s nearest defender; (iv) interpersonal distance: between the ball carrier and his nearest defender; v) velocity: change rate of each of the measures, depending on the duration of the play; vi) variability: coefficient of variation of each of the measures from the beginning to the end of the play. The results revealed that, values of the shooting angle were higher when players decide for shooting, comparing to situations in which the players decided to pass or dribble; and, the interpersonal distance was shorter in dribbling situations, comparing to passing situations. It was concluded that, the shooting angle and the interpersonal distance, functioned as control parameters in shooting at goal and dribbling situations, respectively.Resumo: O presente estudo investigou a influência de variáveis espaço-temporais de coordenação interpessoal na tomada de decisões dos jogadores na grande área do futebol. Foram analisadas jogadas de chute (n= 71), passe (n= 26) e drible (n= 30), selecionadas de 12 jogos de futebol de um campeonato amador na Colômbia. As imagens capturadas foram analisadas através do software TACTO. As variáveis espaço-temporais consideradas para análise foram: i) ângulo de chute: vetores ligando o jogador com posse de bola (vértice) com os dois adversários geraram a maior lacuna no gol; ii) ângulo A de passe: vetores ligando o portador da bola (vértice) com seu marcador mais próximo e seu companheiro de equipe; iii) ângulo B de passe: vetores ligando o portador da bola (vértice) com seu companheiro de equipe e o marcador mais próximo dele.; iv) distância interpessoal: entre o atacante com posse de bola e o seu adversário mais próximo; v) velocidade: taxa de mudança de cada uma das medidas, em função do tempo de duração da jogada; vi) variabilidade: coeficiente de variação de cada uma das medidas desde o começo até o final da jogada. Os resultados mostraram que os valores do ângulo de chute foram superiores nas situações que os jogadores decidiram chutar, em comparação com as situações em que os jogadores decidiram passar ou driblar; e que, as distâncias interpessoais foram menores nas situações em que os jogadores decidiram driblar, em comparação com as situações de passe. Em conclusão, os ângulos de chute e distâncias interpessoais influenciaram na tomada de decisões do chute e drible, respectivamente

The volleyball setter’s decision-making on tipping in different game phases

This study investigated how information emerging from interpersonal coordination affects the decision-making on tipping in different phases of the volleyball game. Eighty-six sequences of play involving tips performed by players of both sexes were selected from 20 games of a professional championship of volleyball (attack phase, n = 56; counterattack phase, n = 30). The following spatiotemporal measures of interpersonal coordination were calculated from the x and y coordinates of the player’s positioning: area forming a gap between opponents, setter's displacement to the ball, setter's distances to the net and blockers, and passing velocity. A multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were run to compare the tips in the attack vs. counterattack phases, and traditional tips vs. non-traditional tips. The results revealed that the defending area and passing velocity were greater in attacking tips than in counterattacking tips. Setter’s distance and velocity to reach the ball and the blockers were smaller in attacking tips than in the counterattacking ones. It was also revealed that the final distances between the setter and the net and him/her and the blockers were smaller in traditional tips than in non-traditional tips. It was concluded that the interpersonal coordination information based on which volleyball setter players make decisions on tipping differs between attacks and counterattacks, as well as traditional and non-traditional tipping. These findings provide a useful insight for practice tasks, since setters should be instructed to be perceptually attuned to their spatiotemporal relationship with defenders and ball in order to make decision on tipping.This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001

Volumen 18 Número 1

Revista seriada del Instituto Humboldt en asocio con el Invemar, el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) y el Missouri Botanical Garden, como una estrategia para ampliar la base del conocimiento de uno de los países con mayor diversidad biológica del mundo. Inicia como una publicación de listados de especies pero en 2005 amplía su espectro temático hacia la sistemática y la biogeografía. En 2010, a propósito del Año Internacional de la Biodiversidad y en pro del conocimiento, la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad, se abre a un público más amplio, considerando trabajos inéditos de investigación sobre botánica, zoología, ecología, biología, limnología, pesquerías, conservación, manejo de recursos y uso de la biodiversidad, con buena aceptación por parte de la comunidad científica y académica. En 2013, en asocio con el SiB Colombia y con el apoyo de la GBIF, se institucionaliza la inclusión de Artículos de Datos (Data Papers) en Biota Colombiana

Volumen 18 Número 1

Revista seriada del Instituto Humboldt en asocio con el Invemar, el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) y el Missouri Botanical Garden, como una estrategia para ampliar la base del conocimiento de uno de los países con mayor diversidad biológica del mundo.Inicia como una publicación de listados de especies pero en 2005 amplía su espectro temático hacia la sistemática y la biogeografía. En 2010, a propósito del Año Internacional de la Biodiversidad y en pro del conocimiento, la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad, se abre a un público más amplio, considerando trabajos inéditos de investigación sobre botánica, zoología, ecología, biología, limnología, pesquerías, conservación, manejo de recursos y uso de la biodiversidad, con buena aceptación por parte de la comunidad científica y académica. En 2013, en asocio con el SiB Colombia y con el apoyo de la GBIF, se institucionaliza la inclusión de Artículos de Datos (Data Papers) en Biota Colombiana.Artículo revisado por pare