Health promotion in Havana Medical Science University

Introduction: The Ibero-American Universities Promoters Network of Health accepted Havana Medical Science University as full member. For that, they valued that the promotion of health constitutes a permanent priority in its institutional politics. Objective: To value Havana Medical University's institutional policy with regard to the normative and procedures that rule functioning of the Ibero-American Universities Promoters Network of Health. Material and Methods: Documents that reflect Havana Medical University's institutional policy to the promotion of health were revised. Were also described the main normative and procedures of the Ibero-American Universities Promoters Network. Development: In the Havana Medical Science University the educational programs that are executed start from the point of view of the education at the job, for which the students are connected from the first year with the labor of health´s promotion and illnesses´ prevention. The students, teachers and workers receive the influence of diverse areas of attention that promotes above all healthy styles of life. Conclusions: The proposals, program, projects and other actions of the Havana Medical Science University have impact positively in the university community and in the population in general. It counts with an institutional political willingness that guarantees the sustainability of the processes and the necessary resources for the actions systematization. Keywords: Promotion of health, life style, psychological well-being, human develop.</p

Intention to consume alcohol among adolescents in technical vocational education

Introduction: Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages by adolescents, constitutes an emerging health problem, whose solution has become a global priority. The immediate determinant for the execution of a behavior is the intention of the individual, so it is a precise moment to apply preventive actions. Objectives: To explore the intention to consume alcohol and its relationship with sociodemographic and consumption variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 143 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age, selected by simple random sampling. They were administered the alcohol use intention questionnaire. Results: 84.6% of the adolescents had consumed alcohol; 45.5% were 18 years old and 57.9% were male. The age of onset of consumption was 15 years for 41.3 %. The mean score on the attitude scale was significantly higher in consumers (p= 0.000). Attitude is the dimension that contributed most to the initiation of alcohol consumption (Wald= 14.56; p= 0.000). Conclusions: Adolescents are characterized by being mostly consumers of alcoholic beverages, with a predominance of male sex and an average age of onset of consumption of 15 years. The fundamental variable favoring the intention to consume alcohol is the positive attitude towards consumption, frequently reinforced in the social and family environment

Comportamento suicida e dualidade em transtornos por uso de substâncias em viciados em drogas no Equador

Introduction: illicit drug use is considered a favorable element highly associated to suicidal behavior. As the frequency, intensity, time of consumption and coexistence with other mental disorders, the probability of violent behavior towards oneself also increases. Objective: to characterize drug addict patients with suicidal behavior and determine possible links between sociodemographic and consumption variables. Method: a cross-sectional study in drug addict patients admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, was carried out, in the period 2010 throughout 2016. A total of 922 patients who referred any kind of suicidal behavior (including any kind of suicidal ideation or suicidal intent) were selected. Results: this research revealed that male population was predominant, in which 4 of 10 attempted suicide (36.3%), meanwhile in females was 5 in 10 approximately (46.3%). Conclusions: among patients with suicidal behavior admitted in the Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) setted at the Instituto de Neurociencias (INC) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between 2014 and 2017, women who suffered depressive symptoms or had schizophrenia as comorbidity were predominant.  Women 15 to 20 years of age and with previous suicidal intent and depressive symptoms.Introducción: el consumo de drogas es considerado un elemento favorecedor de las conductas suicidas. En la medida que aumenta la frecuencia, intensidad, tiempo de consumo y la coexistencia con otros trastornos mentales también se incrementa la probabilidad de un comportamiento violento hacia sí mismo. Objetivo: caracterizar pacientes adictos ecuatorianos con conductas suicidas y determinar posibles interacciones entre las variables sociodemográficas y de consumo consideradas. Métodos: estudio transversal con pacientes drogodependientes que han sido ingresados en la Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC) en el periodo 2010-2016. Se seleccionó una población de 922 pacientes que refirieron algún tipo de conducta suicida luego de haber comenzado el consumo de drogas, incluyendo la ideación y el intento suicidas en cualquiera de sus variantes. Resultados: en este análisis se observó que la población masculina predominó en este grupo de estudio, de los cuales aproximadamente 4 de cada 10 intentaron suicidarse (36,3 %), mientras que las mujeres fueron aproximadamente 5 de cada 10 (46,3 %). Conclusiones: entre los pacientes con conductas suicidas que ingresaron en Unidad de Conductas Adictivas del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil, Ecuador, entre el 2014 y 2017, predominaron mujeres que sufrieron de depresión o tenían comorbilidad con la esquizofrenia. Se trata de mujeres jóvenes de entre 15 a 25 años, que se iniciaron en el consumo de drogas entre los 15 y 20 años de edad, con intentos suicidas previos y depresión.Introdução: o uso de drogas é considerado um elemento que favorece o comportamento suicida. À medida que aumenta a frequência, intensidade, tempo de consumo e convivência com outros transtornos mentais, aumenta também a probabilidade de comportamento violento contra si mesmo. Objetivo: caracterizar os dependentes químicos equatorianos com comportamento suicida e determinar as possíveis interações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e de consumo consideradas. Método: estudo transversal com pacientes dependentes químicos internados na Unidade de Comportamento Aditivo (UCA) do Instituto de Neurociências de Guayaquil (INC), Equador, no período de 2010-2016. Foi selecionada uma população de 922 pacientes que relataram algum tipo de comportamento suicida após o início do uso da droga, incluindo ideação suicida e tentativa de suicídio em qualquer uma de suas variantes. Resultados: nesta análise observou-se que a população masculina predominou neste grupo de estudo, da qual aproximadamente 4 em 10 tentativas de suicídio (36,3%), enquanto as mulheres foram aproximadamente 5 em 10 (46,3%). Conclusões: entre os pacientes com comportamento suicida internados na Unidade de Comportamento Aditivo do Instituto de Neurociências de Guayaquil, Equador, entre 2014 e 2017, predominaram mulheres que sofriam de depressão ou apresentavam comorbidade com esquizofrenia. São mulheres jovens entre 15 e 25 anos, que começaram a usar drogas entre 15 e 20 anos, com tentativas anteriores de suicídio e depressão

Alteraciones psicológicas en niños con padres ausentes por emigración

Introduction: emigration is complex problem. The absence of parental figures in infantile age implies an important affective deprivation; wich shoks the child and the consequences can be harmful, when these difficulties are not addressed in a timely manner.Objective: to characterize the psychological alterations present in children with parents absent due to emigration. Method: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, study in children between 8 y 10 years old with absent parents due to emigration. The universe was made up of 120 children who attended the Comandante Manuel Fajardo school, from October 2018 to March 2020, the variables studied were: negative emotional states, alterations in habits and academic performance. For data collection, questionnaires, projective techniques and interviews were used.Results: The presence of anxiety and depression were recorded 87 and 90 infants, representing (72,5 and 75 %) of the total respectively, together with feelings of anger, longing and loneliness; it was found that 97 children suffer from enuresis (80,8 %), 22 from encopresis for one (18,3) and 86 suffer from onychophagia (71,6 %). No difficulties in academic performance were specified.Conclusions: parental emigration is experienced as a migratory mourning characterized by having a latent character which is constantly reopened, hindering the balance, well-being and personological development, the psychological alterations found refer to the presence of negative emotional states as adaptive responses of transitory character, in addition to alterations of habits, desobediente, capricious and rebellious behaviors.Introducción: la emigración constituye una problemática compleja. La ausencia de figuras parentales en la edad infantil implica una privación afectiva importante, pues constituye una pérdida que conmociona al niño y las consecuencias pueden ser perjudiciales cuando estas dificultades no son atendidas oportunamente.Objetivo:caracterizar las alteraciones psicológicas presentes en niños con padres ausentes por emigración que asistieron a la escuela “Comandante Manuel Fajardo”, desde octubre de 2018 a marzo de 2020.Método:se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en niños entre los ocho y diez años con padres ausentes por emigración. El universo quedó constituido por 120 niños que asistieron a la escuela “Comandante Manuel Fajardo”, desde octubre de 2018 a marzo de 2020. Para la recolección de los datos se emplearon cuestionarios, técnicas proyectivas y entrevistas.Resultados: se registraron en 87 y 90 infantes la presencia de ansiedad y depresión representando un 72,5 % y 75 % del total respectivamente, unido a sentimientos de ira, añoranza y soledad; se encontró que 97 niños padecen de enuresis (80,8 %), 22 de encopresis (18,3 %) y 86 sufren de onicofagia (71,6 %). No se precisaron dificultades en el rendimiento académico.Conclusiones: la emigración parental se vivencia como un duelo migratorio caracterizado por tener carácter latente, el cual se reabre constantemente, dificultando el equilibrio, bienestar y desarrollo personológico. Las alteraciones psicológicas encontradas se refieren a la presencia de estados emocionales negativos como respuestas adaptativas  de carácter transitorio, además de alteraciones de los hábitos, conductas desobedientes, caprichosas y rebeldes

Directionality of violence in family settings of drug addicts

La investigación tuvo el objetivo de determinar la direccionalidad de la violencia intrafamiliar en relación con el tipo de agresión, droga de inicio de consumo, nivel educativo, sexo, experiencias perturbadoras, grupo de edad y estado civil, en pacientes drogodependientes atendidos en la Unidad de Conductas Adictivas (UCA) del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil (INC), durante el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2016. Se realizó un estudio no experimental-correlacional mediante el análisis de las historias clínicas de 1015 (845 hombres y 170 mujeres) pacientes con perfil de violencia intrafamiliar consumidores de drogas y sustancias psicoactivas. Entre la población estudiada predominó el consumo de alcohol como droga de inicio (95%), el nivel escolar secundario (94%), el estado civil soltero(a) o divorciado(a), el grupo de edades comprendido entre 21 y 30 años (35%) y la experiencia perturbadora del divorcio. Los resultados de la técnica del árbol CHAID reflejaron una conexión estadísticamente significativa con el tipo de droga de inicio y el nivel educativo en los participantes.The objective of the research was to determine the directionality of intrafamily violence in relation to the type of aggression, drug of initiation of consumption, educational level, sex, disturbing experiences, age group and marital status. The research was conducted in a group of drug-dependent patients treated in the Addictive Behaviors Unit of the Guayaquil Institute of Neurosciences, during the period between 2010 and 2016. A non-experimental-correlational study was carried out by analyzing the medical records of 1015 (845 men and 170 women) patients with a profile of intrafamily violence who used drugs and psychoactive substances. Among the population studied, the consumption of alcohol as a starting drug prevailed (95%), the secondary school level (94%), the marital status of single or divorced, the age group between 21 and 30 years (35%) and the disturbing experience of divorce. The results of the CHAID tree technique reflected a statistically significant connection with the type of starting drug and educational level in the participants

Paradigma psicológico salubrista para la atención al paciente con epilepsia

Para el desarrollo de esta investigaci&amp;oacute;n se parti&amp;oacute; de la Psicolog&amp;iacute;a de la Salud con el prop&amp;oacute;sito de elaborar el Programa de Intervenci&amp;oacute;n Psicosocial para la atenci&amp;oacute;n al paciente con epilepsia. Posteriormente fue aplicado con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar los niveles de adaptaci&amp;oacute;n psicosocial de los referidos pacientes. Inicialmente se dise&amp;ntilde;&amp;oacute; el Modelo Te&amp;oacute;rico Metodol&amp;oacute;gico que lo sustenta, en el que se incluyeron dos sistemas de dimensiones que lo configuran: uno te&amp;oacute;rico explicativo del origen de la inadaptaci&amp;oacute;n evidente frecuentemente observada y otro metodol&amp;oacute;gico que promueve una adaptaci&amp;oacute;n psicosocial aceptable. Fueron estudiados 400 pacientes con epilepsia y la intervenci&amp;oacute;n se ejecut&amp;oacute; en los 200 asignados al Grupo Experimental. Se aplicaron acciones educativas y psicoterap&amp;eacute;uticas dirigidas a promover estilos de vida adecuados, prevenir las manifestaciones agudas de la epilepsia, potenciar la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de la enfermedad y la adherencia terap&amp;eacute;utica y adecuar los servicios de salud que reciben a sus necesidades. Se usaron t&amp;eacute;cnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas para obtener los niveles de adaptaci&amp;oacute;n en los indicadores familiar, emocional, interpersonal, vocacional, econ&amp;oacute;mico, ataques, medicaci&amp;oacute;n y funcionamiento psicosocial global. Los resultados obtenidos fueron significativamente superiores a los alcanzados por los pacientes del Grupo Control y demuestran la efectividad del programa aplicado

Paradigma psicológico salubrista para la atención al paciente con epilepsia

Para el desarrollo de esta investigaci&amp;oacute;n se parti&amp;oacute; de la Psicolog&amp;iacute;a de la Salud con el prop&amp;oacute;sito de elaborar el Programa de Intervenci&amp;oacute;n Psicosocial para la atenci&amp;oacute;n al paciente con epilepsia. Posteriormente fue aplicado con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar los niveles de adaptaci&amp;oacute;n psicosocial de los referidos pacientes. Inicialmente se dise&amp;ntilde;&amp;oacute; el Modelo Te&amp;oacute;rico Metodol&amp;oacute;gico que lo sustenta, en el que se incluyeron dos sistemas de dimensiones que lo configuran: uno te&amp;oacute;rico explicativo del origen de la inadaptaci&amp;oacute;n evidente frecuentemente observada y otro metodol&amp;oacute;gico que promueve una adaptaci&amp;oacute;n psicosocial aceptable. Fueron estudiados 400 pacientes con epilepsia y la intervenci&amp;oacute;n se ejecut&amp;oacute; en los 200 asignados al Grupo Experimental. Se aplicaron acciones educativas y psicoterap&amp;eacute;uticas dirigidas a promover estilos de vida adecuados, prevenir las manifestaciones agudas de la epilepsia, potenciar la aceptaci&amp;oacute;n de la enfermedad y la adherencia terap&amp;eacute;utica y adecuar los servicios de salud que reciben a sus necesidades. Se usaron t&amp;eacute;cnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas para obtener los niveles de adaptaci&amp;oacute;n en los indicadores familiar, emocional, interpersonal, vocacional, econ&amp;oacute;mico, ataques, medicaci&amp;oacute;n y funcionamiento psicosocial global. Los resultados obtenidos fueron significativamente superiores a los alcanzados por los pacientes del Grupo Control y demuestran la efectividad del programa aplicado

Interactions between Personality and Types of Mindfulness Practice in Reducing Burnout in Mental Health Professionals

Research on mindfulness-based interventions reports mainly on improvements at the group level. Thus, there is a need to elaborate on the individual differences in their effectiveness. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine which personality factors could influence burnout reduction associated with different types of mindfulness practice and (2) to evaluate the interaction between personality factors and the amount of home practice; both aims were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 104 Cuban mental health professionals, who participated in a crossover trial, were included. The effect of personality (Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors) was analyzed through regression analysis. First, the results revealed that Emotional Stability and Vigilance could negatively moderate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions. Second, participants who scored low in Sensitivity or Vigilance could benefit more from the body-centered practices (i.e., body scan and Hatha yoga practices), but no significant results for the mind-centered practices (i.e., classical meditation) were found. Third, participants who scored high in Self-reliance could benefit more from informal practice. Other personality factors did not appear to moderate the effect of the interventions, though previous experience in related techniques must be considered. Recommendations and clinical implications are discussed. Trial registration number is NCT03296254 (clinicaltrials.gov)