Há um período exato para cirurgia em pacientes com paraplegia secundária à compressão medular não traumática?

Paraplegia is a well-defined state of complete motor deficit in lower limbs, regardless of sensory involvement. The cause of paraplegia usually guides treatment, however, some controversies remain about the time and benefits for spinal cord decompression in nontraumatic paraplegic patients, especially after 48 hours of the onset of paraplegia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of spinal cord decompression in such patients. We describe three patients with paraplegia secondary to non-traumatic spinal cord compression without sensory deficits, and who were surgically treated after more than 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. All patients, even those with paraplegia during more than 48 hours, had benefits from spinal cord decompression like recovery of gait ability. The duration of paraplegia, which influences prognosis, is not a contra-indication for surgery. The preservation of sensitivity in this group of patients should be considered as a positive prognostic factor when surgery is taken into account.A paraplegia é uma condição de déficit motor completo dos membros inferiores, independente do envolvimento de sensibilidade. A causa da paraplegia normalmente guia o tratamento, porém existem controversas sobre o momento e o benefício da descompressão medular em pacientes paraplégicos, principalmente após 48 horas do início dessa condição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o beneficio da descompressão medular nesses pacientes. Foram descritos três pacientes com paraplegia secundária à compressão medular não traumática, sem déficits sensoriais e que foram submetidos à cirurgia após 48 horas do início dessa condição. Todos os pacientes, inclusive aqueles com mais de 48 horas do início dos sintomas, apresentaram melhora neurológica com a descompressão medular, como a recuperação da habilidade de marcha. A duração da paraplegia, que influencia no prognóstico, não é uma contraindicação absoluta para o procedimento cirúrgico. A preservação de sensibilidade desse grupo de pacientes deve ser considerada como fator prognóstico positivo quando a cirurgia for levada em conta.50851

Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Resection Of Pituitary Adenomas: Preliminary Evaluation Of Consecutive Cases.

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery has gained increasing acceptance by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. In many centers throughout the world, this technique is now routinely used for the same indications as conventional microsurgical technique for pituitary tumors. To present a surgical experience of consecutive endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal resections of pituitary adenomas. In this study, consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas submitted to endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery were evaluated regarding the rate of residual tumor, functional remission, symptoms relief, complications, and tumor size. Forty-seven consecutive patients were evaluated; 17 had functioning adenomas, seven had GH producing tumors, five had Cushing's disease, and five had prolactinomas. Of the functioning adenomas, 12 were macroadenomas and five were microadenomas; 30 cases were non-functioning macroadenomas. Of the patients with functioning adenomas, 87% improved. 85% of the patients with visual deficits related to optic nerve compression progressed over time. Most of the patients with complaints of headaches improved (76%). Surgical complications occurred in 10% of patients, which included with two carotid lesions, two cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and one death of a patient with a previous history of complications. Endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery is a feasible technique, yielding good surgical and functional outcomes, and low morbidity.80146-5

Congenital hydrocehalus - a comparative study addressing maternal, gestational, perinatal and outcome characteristics of newborns with or without meningomyelocele

Orientador: Edmur Franco Carelli, Helder Jose Lessa ZambelliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Introdução: A hidrocefalia congênita é uma condição freqüente, estando associada a um terço de todas as malformações congênitas do sistema nervoso. O conhecimento clínico e epidemiológico da hidrocefalia congênita e dos variados fatores etiológicos e prognósticos a ela relacionados são até o momento insuficientes para a compreensão global e otimização do tratamento desta complexa patologia. Objetivos: analisar o prognóstico comparativo de hidrocéfalos com e sem mielomeningocele. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo, através da revisão dos prontuários de 168 neonatos nascidos no Centro de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM - UNICAMP), Campinas - SP - Brasil, divididos em duas amostras: grupo 1 (G1), composto de 98 neonatos com hidrocefalia congênita não associada a mielomeningocele; grupo 2 (G2), composto por 70 neonatos com hidrocefalia congênita associada a mielomeningocele. Foram estudadas as comparativamente as seguintes características: idade materna, número de gestações, realização de pré-natal, apresentação fetal, tipo de parto, idade gestacional ao diagnóstico, idade gestacional ao nascimento, índice de Apgar ao 1o e 5o minutos, incidência de baixo peso, graduação ecográfica da hidrocefalia, tratamento cirúrgico de hidrocefalia, complicações dos shunts, duração da primeira internação, mortalidade na primeira internação, mortalidade no seguimento, incidência de retardo neuropsicomotor (RDNPM). Resultados: seguimento médio: G1 42 meses, G2 60 meses; parto cesáreo: G1 69,4%, G2 91,2% (p<0,05); baixo peso: G1 32,7%, G2 10% (p<0,005); Apgar 1o minuto < 8: G1 58,2%, G2 30% (p<0,025); hidrocefalia acentuada: G1 59,2%, G2 28,6% (p<0,005); realização de derivação ventrículo-peritoneal (DVP) na 1a internação: G1 34,7%, G2 71,4% (p<0,005); mortalidade na 1a internação G1 24,4%, G2 10% (p<0,05); internação menor que 5 dias G1 46,9%, G2 12,8% (p<0,005); RDNPM no seguimento G1 70,8%, G2 42,8% (p<0,05). Conclusão: os resultados revelam um prognóstico ruim para a hidrocefalia congênita, caracterizado por alto índice de mortalidade e alta incidência de RDNPM. Os pacientes com hidrocefalia acentuada (grave) pela ecografia apresentam pior prognóstico. A maior incidência de baixo peso, de hidrocefalias acentuadas, de óbitos no período neonatal e de RDNPM no grupo 1 revelam um pior prognóstico dos neonatos com hidrocefalia não associada a mielomeningocele quando comparada aos neonatos com hidrocefalia associada a mielomeningocele.Abstract: Introduction: Congenital hydrocephalus is a frequent condition, and it is associated with one third of all Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations. The clinical and epidemiological knowledge about congenital hydrocephalus and the related risk and outcome predicting factors are still insufficient for the thorough comprehension of such a complex condition and for the optimization of its treatment. Objectives: to study comparatively the prognosis of hydrocephalic newborns with and without meningomyelocele (MMC). Methods: this is a retrospective study, based on the review of newborn and/or their mother's medical files, comprising 168 patients born at the State University of Campinas, Campinas - SP - Brazil, divided in two groups: group 1 (G1), consisting of 98 hydrocephalic newborns without MMC; group 2 (G2), consisting of 70 hydrocephalic newborns with MMC. These characteristics were comparatively analyzed between the groups: maternal age, number of pregnancies, prenatal diagnosis, fetal presentation, delivery type, gestational age at diagnosis, gestational age at birth, Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minute, low-weight incidence, ecographic severity of hydrocephalus, surgical treatment of hydrocephalus, shunt malfunctions, length of first hospital stay after birth, mortality on 1st hospital stay, mortality on follow-up, incidence of neurodevelopmental delay. Results: mean follow-up: G1 42 months, G2 60 months; cesarean section: G1 69,4%, G2 91,2% (p<0,05); low weight: G1 32,7%, G2 10% (p<0,005); Apgar score at 1st minute < 8: G1 58,2%, G2 30% (p<0,025); severe hydrocephalus: G1 59,2%, G2 28,6% (p<0,005); ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion at 1st hospital stay: G1 34,7%, G2 71,4% (p<0,005); mortality at 1st hospital stay: G1 24,4%, G2 10% (p<0,05); length of 1st hospital stay up to 5 days: G1 46,9%, G2 12,8% (p<0,005); neurodevelopmental delay on follow-up: G1 70,8%, G2 42,8% (p<0,05). Conclusion: the results depict a bad outcome related to congenital hydrocephalus, characterized by high mortality and high neurodevelopmental delay rates. Patients harboring severe hydrocephalus on ultrasound present worse outcome. The higher low weight incidence, as well as higher rates of severe hydrocephalus, neonatal deaths and neurodevelopmental impairments on group 1 reveal a worse outcome in newborns with congenital hydrocephalus not related to MMC compared to MMC related hydrocephalic newborns.MestradoNeurologiaMestre em Ciências Médica

Is There A Right Time For Surgery In Paraplegic Patients Secondary To Non Traumatic Spinal Cord Compression?

Paraplegia is a well-defined state of complete motor deficit in lower limbs, regardless of sensory involvement. The cause of paraplegia usually guides treatment, however, some controversies remain about the time and benefits for spinal cord decompression in nontraumatic paraplegic patients, especially after 48 hours of the onset of paraplegia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of spinal cord decompression in such patients. We describe three patients with paraplegia secondary to non-traumatic spinal cord compression without sensory deficits, and who were surgically treated after more than 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. All patients, even those with paraplegia during more than 48 hours, had benefits from spinal cord decompression like recovery of gait ability. The duration of paraplegia, which influences prognosis, is not a contra-indication for surgery. The preservation of sensitivity in this group of patients should be considered as a positive prognostic factor when surgery is taken into account.10508-1

Endoscopic skull base surgery: evaluation of current clinical outcomes

Endoscopic skull base surgery is one of the most recent fields of neurosurgery. Successive innovations were developed throughout history so that the current concepts that rule this surgical field could be reached. The current paper presents the evolution of endoscopic surgery and its current results on the treatment of skull base tumor, based on a review of meta-analysis and clinical series. A PubMed search for articles published between January 1990 and January 2014 about "endoscopic skull base surgery", "endoscopic transsphenoidal approach", "endoscopic treatment of parasellar tumors" and "suprasellar lesions" was performed. According to the current data, endoscopic surgery seems to be superior to open and transsphenoidal microscopic removal of giant pituitary adenomas. Endoscopy is at least as successful as transsphenoidal microsurgery for the removal of pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas. Transcranial open approaches, in the context of anterior midline skull base meningiomas, present higher rates of gross total resection, fewer complications and better clinical results than endoscopy approaches. The rate of postoperative CSF leakage has been significantly reduced with the introduction of new techniques such as the Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap but still represent one of the most important complications of this technique. Currently, selected tumors located at the anterior, middle and posterior fossa can be adequately assessed using the endoscope with low rates of postoperative CSF leaks. Endoscopic surgery has substantially evolved in the last decades through the collaboration of different teams around the world. The endoscope is now an essential tool in the neurosurgery armamentarium with great potential for new applications in the nearby future.631889

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas: preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases

Introduction:Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery has gained increasing acceptance by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. In many centers throughout the world, this technique is now routinely used for the same indications as conventional microsurgical technique for pituitary tumors. Objective: To present a surgical experience of consecutive endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal resections of pituitary adenomas. Methods: In this study, consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas submitted to endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery were evaluated regarding the rate of residual tumor, functional remission, symptoms relief, complications, and tumor size. Results: Forty-seven consecutive patients were evaluated; 17 had functioning adenomas, seven had GH producing tumors, five had Cushing's disease, and five had prolactinomas. Of the functioning adenomas, 12 were macroadenomas and five were microadenomas; 30 cases were non-functioning macroadenomas. Of the patients with functioning adenomas, 87% improved. 85% of the patients with visual deficits related to optic nerve compression progressed over time. Most of the patients with complaints of headaches improved (76%). Surgical complications occurred in 10% of patients, which included with two carotid lesions, two cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and one death of a patient with a previous history of complications. Conclusion:Endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery is a feasible technique, yielding good surgical and functional outcomes, and low morbidity.Introdução: A cirurgia endoscópica endonasal ganhou aceitação crescente por otorrinolaringologistas e neurocirurgiões. Em muitos centros, esta técnica é agora rotineiramente utilizada para as mesmas indicações que a técnica microcirúrgica convencional. Objetivo: Descrever resultados cirúrgicos relativos à remissão hormonal, ressecção do tumor e complicações de série consecutiva de pacientes com adenoma da hipófise submetidos à ressecção endoscópica. Método: Estudo de série de pacientes consecutivos com adenomas da hipófise, submetidos à cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, avaliados quanto à taxa de tumor residual, remissão funcional, sintomas, complicações e o tamanho do tumor. Resultados: De 47 pacientes consecutivos, 17 eram portadores de adenomas funcionantes, sete produtores de GH, cinco com doença de Cushing e cinco prolactinomas. Dos adenomas funcionantes, 12 foram macroadenomas, cinco microadenomas, e 30 macroadenomas não funcionantes. Dos adenomas funcionantes, 87% melhoraram. Em relação ao déficit visual, 85% melhoraram ao longo do tempo. A maioria dos pacientes que apresentou queixas de cefaléia melhorou (76%). Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 10% dos pacientes, com duas lesões da carótida, duas fístulas liquóricas e uma fatalidade em um paciente com um histórico complicado. Conclusão: A cirurgia hipofisária endoscópica endonasal é uma técnica viável, rendendo bons resultados cirúrgicos e funcionais e baixa morbidade