298 research outputs found
Generation of variable polarisation in a short wavelength FEL amplifier
So far, short wavelength Free Electron Laser amplifiers have produced linearly polarised radiation. For several important classes of experiment, variable polarisation is required. For example, in the wavelength range from 1.5 to 2.5 nm, light polarisation is important in characterising magnetic materials where measurements depend critically upon the handedness of the polarisation. It is therefore important that the polarisation does not fluctuate between measurements. In this paper, we study possible methods to generate variably polarised light and consider its shot-to-shot stability
Start to end simulations of the ERL prototype at Daresbury Laboratory
Daresbury Laboratory is currently building an Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) that will serve as a research and development facility for the study of beam dynamics and accelerator technology important to the design and construction of the proposed 4th Generation Light Source (4GLS) project. Two major objectives of the ERLP are the demonstration of energy recovery and of energy recovery from a beam disrupted by an FEL interaction as supplied by an infrared oscillator system. In this paper we present start-to-end simulations of the ERLP including such an FEL interaction. The beam dynamics in the highbrightness injector, which consists of a DC photocathode Gun and a superconducting booster, have been modelled using the particle tracking code ASTRA. After the booster the particles have been tracked with the code elegant. The 3D code GENESIS 1.3 was used to model the FEL interaction with the electron beam at 35 MeV. A brief summary of impedance and wakefield calculations for the whole machine is also given
HGHG Scheme for FLASH II
FLASH II is a major extension of the existing FLASH facility at DESY. It has been proposed in collaboration with the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB . FLASH II is a seeded FEL in the parameter range of FLASH. The final layout of the undulator section of FLASH II allows for different seeding schemes. So that seeding with an HHG source as well as seeding in cascaded HGHG scheme and several combination of these schemes are possible. However, for the shortest wavelengths down to 4 nm the cascaded HGHG scheme is considered. It consists of two frequency up conversion stages utilizing a Ti Sa laser based seeding source in deep UV range. We present and discuss start to end simulation studies for the shortest wavelength generated in the HGHG cascade of FLASH I
Multi-dimensional free-electron laser simulation codes : a comparison study.
A self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) is under construction at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Five FEL simulation codes were used in the design phase: GENESIS, GINGER, MEDUSA, RON, and TDA3D. Initial comparisons between each of these independent formulations show good agreement for the parameters of the APS SASE FEL
Development of a pump-probe facility combining a far-infrared source with laser-like characteristics and a VUV free electron laser
The TESLA Test Facility (TTF) at DESY is a facility producing sub-picosecond electron pulses for the generation of VUV or soft X-ray radiation in a free electron laser (FEL). The same electron pulses would also allow the direct production of high-power coherent radiation by passing the electron beam through an undulator. Intense, coherent far-infrared (FIR) undulator radiation can be produced from electron bunches at wavelengths longer than or equal to the bunch length. The source described in this paper provides, in the wavelength range 50– 300 μm , a train of about 1– 10 ps long radiation pulses, with about 1 mJ of optical energy per pulse radiated into the central cone. The average output power can exceed 50 W . In this conceptual design, we intend to use a conventional electromagnetic undulator with a 60 cm period length and a maximum field of 1.5 T . The FIR source will use the spent electron beam coming from the VUV FEL which allows one to significantly extend the scientific potential of the TTF without interfering with the main option of the TTF FEL operation. The pulses of the coherent FIR radiation are naturally synchronized with the VUV pulses from the main TTF FEL, enabling pump-probe techniques using either the FEL pulse as a pump or the FIR pulse as a probe, or vice versa
First Observation of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission in a Free-Electron Laser at 109 nm Wavelength
We present the first observation of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission
(SASE) in a free-electron laser (FEL) in the Vacuum Ultraviolet regime at 109
nm wavelength (11 eV). The observed free-electron laser gain (approx. 3000) and
the radiation characteristics, such as dependency on bunch charge, angular
distribution, spectral width and intensity fluctuations all corroborate the
existing models for SASE FELs.Comment: 6 pages including 6 figures; e-mail: [email protected]
Damage accumulation in thin ruthenium films induced by repetitive exposure to femtosecond XUV pulses below the single shot ablation threshold
The process of damage accumulation in thin ruthenium films exposed to multiple femtosecond XUV free electron laser FEL pulses below the critical angle of reflectance at the Free electron LASer facility in Hamburg FLASH was experimentally analyzed. The multi shot damage threshold is found to be lower than single shot damage threshold. Detailed analysis of the damage morphology and its dependence on irradiation conditions justifies the assumption that cavitation induced by the FEL pulse is the prime mechanism responsible for multi shot damage in optical coating
Recommended from our members
Biomineralisation by earthworms: an investigation into the stability and distribution of amorphous calcium carbonate
Background
Many biominerals form from amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), but this phase is highly unstable when synthesised in its pure form inorganically. Several species of earthworm secrete calcium carbonate granules which contain highly stable ACC. We analysed the milky fluid from which granules form and solid granules for amino acid (by liquid chromatography) and functional group (by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) compositions. Granule elemental composition was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Mass of ACC present in solid granules was quantified using FTIR and compared to granule elemental and amino acid compositions. Bulk analysis of granules was of powdered bulk material. Spatially resolved analysis was of thin sections of granules using synchrotron-based μ-FTIR and EMPA electron microprobe analysis.
Results
The milky fluid from which granules form is amino acid-rich (≤ 136 ± 3 nmol mg−1 (n = 3; ± std dev) per individual amino acid); the CaCO3 phase present is ACC. Even four years after production, granules contain ACC. No correlation exists between mass of ACC present and granule elemental composition. Granule amino acid concentrations correlate well with ACC content (r ≥ 0.7, p ≤ 0.05) consistent with a role for amino acids (or the proteins they make up) in ACC stabilisation. Intra-granule variation in ACC (RSD = 16%) and amino acid concentration (RSD = 22–35%) was high for granules produced by the same earthworm. Maps of ACC distribution produced using synchrotron-based μ-FTIR mapping of granule thin sections and the relative intensity of the ν2: ν4 peak ratio, cluster analysis and component regression using ACC and calcite standards showed similar spatial distributions of likely ACC-rich and calcite-rich areas. We could not identify organic peaks in the μ-FTIR spectra and thus could not determine whether ACC-rich domains also had relatively high amino acid concentrations. No correlation exists between ACC distribution and elemental concentrations determined by EMPA.
Conclusions
ACC present in earthworm CaCO3 granules is highly stable. Our results suggest a role for amino acids (or proteins) in this stability. We see no evidence for stabilisation of ACC by incorporation of inorganic components
Characterization of megahertz X ray laser beams by multishot desorption imprints in PMMA
Proper diagnostics of intense free electron laser FEL X ray pulses is indisputably important for experimental data analysis as well as for the protection of beamline optical elements. New challenges for beam diagnostic methods are introduced by modern FEL facilities capable of delivering powerful pulses at megahertz MHz repetition rates. In this paper, we report the first characterization of a defocused MHz 13.5 nm beam generated by the free electron laser in Hamburg FLASH using the method of multi pulse desorption imprints in poly methyl methacrylate PMMA . The beam fluence profile is reconstructed in a novel and highly accurate way that takes into account the nonlinear response of material removal to total dose delivered by multiple pulses. The algorithm is applied to experimental data of single shot ablation imprints and multi shot desorption imprints at both low 10 Hz and high 1 MHz repetition rates. Reconstructed response functions show a great agreement with the theoretical desorption response function mode
- …