Bovine immune colostral antibody against verotoxin 2 derived from Escherichia coli O157:H7-resistance to proteases and effects on verotoxin 2 in small intestine of beagle dogs

Resistance to intestinal proteases and efficacy against verotoxin (VT) 2 of a colostral antibody administered orally via catheter were investigated in beagle dogs. Bovine colostral antibody remained in the small intestine for 2 hours, whereas little serum antibody remained at 1.5 hours after administration. The bovine colostral antibody was not inactivated by proteases in the small intestine. Furthermore, the antibody activity of S-IgA did not change until 2 hours after administration; however, the activity of IgG and IgM antibodies decreased by two-thirds and two-fifths at 2 hours after administration, respectively. Seven beagle dogs inoculated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 producing VT2 were administered bovine colostral antibody or bovine colostral whey without antibody. With administration of bovine colostral whey without antibody, the amount of VT2 in feces decreased gradually after administration and increased again at 5 days after inoculation, while bovine colostral antibody significantly reduced the amount of VT2 in feces the day after administration. In addition, 9 beagle dogs were administered bovine colostral antibody, bovine plasma antibody or saline. The amount of VT2 in feces also significantly reduced rapidly after administration of bovine colostral antibody than administration of bovine plasma antibody or saline

カンジョウニンシキ ニ オケル ガゾウジョウホウ ト オンセイジョウホウ ノ カンケイ

This study examined the relationship between image (visual) and sound (auditory) information for emotion recognition. In the experiment, participants were asked to categorize the character in the movie scene into the six basic expressions of emotion with sound and without sound information. Chi-Square(X^2) test showed the count of catesgries were varied (p<0.05) between with and without sound information. We assumed the distance between the emotion categories from the experimental results obtained with and without sound condition. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) reveals that the distance between "Surprise and Fear" is small as well as "Anger and Disgust". We consider that auditory information is important to discriminate these expressions of emotion. And we found "Sadness" was plotted at almost equal distance from the "Surprise and Fear", "Anger and Disgust" and "Happiness"