Toxicity of Flow Line, Durafill VS, and Dycal to Dental Pulp Cells: Effects of Growth Factors

Introduction The objective was to determine the effects of growth factor treatment on dental pulp cell sensitivity to toxicity of 2 composite restoration materials, Flow Line and Durafill VS, and a calcium hydroxide pulp capping material, Dycal. Methods Toxicity of the dental materials to cultures of primary dental pulp cells was determined by the MTT metabolism assay. The ability of 6 different growth factors to influence the toxicity was tested. Results A 24-hour exposure to either Flow Line or Durafill VS caused approximately 40% cell death, whereas Dycal exposure caused approximately 80% cell death. The toxicity of Flow Line and Durafill VS was mediated by oxidative stress. Four of the growth factors tested (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]-2, BMP-7, epidermal growth factor [EGF], and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) decreased the basal MTT values while making the cells resistant to Flow Line and Durafill VS toxicity except BMP-2, which made the cells more sensitive to Flow Line. Treatment with fibroblast growth factor-2 caused no change in basal MTT metabolism, prevented the toxicity of Durafill VS, but increased the toxicity of Flow Line. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increased basal MTT metabolism and made the cells resistant to Flow Line and Durafill VS toxicity. None of the growth factors made the cells resistant to Dycal toxicity. Conclusions The results indicated that growth factors can be used to alter the sensitivity of dental pulp cells to commonly used restoration materials. The growth factors BMP-7, EGF, TGF-β, and IGF-I provided the best profile of effects, making the cells resistant to both Flow Line and Durafill VS toxicity

New observations on the stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates at the Cross Creek site, Opito, Coromandel Peninsula

This paper re-examines stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates at Cross Creek in Sarah's Gully. Three new radiocarbon dates are presented for Layer 9, the earliest, and previously undated, occupation. This investigation is part of a programme of archaeological work being carried out on the Coromandel Peninsula. Although there are several individual research projects underway, they have a common theme related to the Polynesian settlement period on the Coromandel Peninsula. The two seasons of excavation at Tairua are being written up by Matthew Campbell of CFG Heritage on behalf of Roger Green. Louise Furey, also CFG Heritage, is researching a thematic study on early sites for the Department of Conservation, Archaeological research in the Opito area includes documenting a pollen sequence for Opito under a grant obtained from the Green Foundation for Polynesian Research: Pam Chester, Louise Furey and Brenda Sewell are participants. In addition, positively identifying the Kaharoa Ash in the Opito-Sarah's Gully area is a priority

Echoes of empire: a remnant of english in the folk song of the Balearic Islands

O trabalho levado a cabo na Abadia de Monserrat pelo Padre Josep Massot i Muntzner, publicando materais da obra do cancioneiro popular da Catalunha continua a dar-nos frutos fascinantes. O volume VIII, publicado em 1998, contém a única estância conhecida até hoje duma cantiga em inglês macarronico. Estre breve artigo defende que a cantiga data do tempo da ocupação britânica de Minorca no séc. XVIII

Generations: three prints, in colour

We point out a somewhat mysterious appearance of $SU_c(3)$ representations, which exhibit the behaviour of three full generations of standard model particles. These representations are found in the Clifford algebra $\mathbb{C}l(6)$, arising from the complex octonions. In this paper, we explain how this 64-complex-dimensional space comes about. With the algebra in place, we then identify generators of $SU(3)$ within it. These $SU(3)$ generators then act to partition the remaining part of the 64-dimensional Clifford algebra into six triplets, six singlets, and their antiparticles. That is, the algebra mirrors the chromodynamic structure of exactly three generations of the standard model's fermions. Passing from particle to antiparticle, or vice versa, requires nothing more than effecting the complex conjugate, $*$: $i \mapsto -i$. The entire result is achieved using only the eight-dimensional complex octonions as a single ingredient.The author is indebted to S. Farnsworth, G. Fiore, L. Smolin, and C. Tamarit for their feedback on this work. This research was supported by the Templeton Foundation, and – 8 – JHEP10(2014)046 also in part by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2014)04

Grup de recerca folklòrica d'Osona i Salvador Rebés, Cançons tradicionals catalanes recollides per Jacint Verdaguer, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2002, 144 pp. + 1 CD

Catalonia has latterly been very fortunate in the number of active researchers into its rich folk song collections which were made from the middle of the 19th century up to the time of the Spanish Civil War but buried in Franco’s time. Not a year goes by these days without another gem emerging –often from one or more of these self-same authors– and this book is no exception

Palmira Jaquetti I isant, catalan folk song collector (1895-1963)

Palmira Jaquetti foi uma das mais importantes colectoras de canções tradicionais que participaram no grande projecto catalão denominado Obra del cançoner popular de Catalunya, embora continue a ser muito pouco conhecida fora da Catalunha. Segundo ela, durante as recolhas que levou a cabo nos anos 20 e 30 do séc. XX, coligiu cerca de 10 000 canções, sobretudo nos contrafortes dos Pirinéus. Mulher de grande nível intelectual, conquistou o reconhecimento académico, não obstante várias desvantagens: saúde frágil, um marido que a abandonou, a péssima situação sociopolítica das mulheres nos anos que conduziram à Guerra Civil e nos que se lhe seguiram. Este artigo analisa as declarações e as realizações de Palmira Jaquetti e conclui que ela merece um reconhecimento muito maior, devendo ser considerada como pertencendo ao pequeno grupo dos mais importantes colectores de canções tradicionais europeias no séc. XX, que inclui Cecil Sharp e Béla Bartók