Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Dan Pemanfaatan Dana Desa Di Desa Keji Kabupaten Semarang

IntisariArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan Dana Desa. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Desa Keji Kecamatan Ungaran Barat Kabupaten Semarang dengan subyek penelitiannya adalah masyarakat Desa Keji dan informan utamanya tokoh masyarakat, BPD dan perangkat desa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang mendasarkan penelitiannya pada deskripsi dari data lapangan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, FGD, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap dana desa masih terbatas. Informasi tentang pengelolaan dana desa mereka dapatkan dari aparat desa dan warga masyarakat lain melalui gethok tular. Dana desa di Desa Keji yang berjumlah Rp 608.057.000 diorientasikan pada pembangunan infrastruktur, seperti jalan paving, talud, dan jembatan sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatan dana desa ini, masyarakat dilibatkan dalam seluruh prosesnya mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, hingga monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti tentang partispasi masyarakat di Desa Keji dalam pengelolaan dana desa masih sebatas aktifitas berperan serta yang yang formal, berpusat dari aparat desa, dan tertib administrasi

Rosiglitazone, a ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppar-gamma) reduced the development of nonseptic shock induced by zymosan in mice.

bstract OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid, and thyroid hormone receptors. The PPAR-gamma receptor subtype appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and inflammation. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) is a PPAR-gamma agonist (the most potent PPAR-gamma agonist of the thiazolidinedione antidiabetics). In the present study, we investigated the effects of rosiglitazone on the development of nonseptic shock caused by zymosan in mice. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male CD mice. INTERVENTIONS: We investigated the effects of rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg) on the development of nonseptic shock caused by zymosan (500 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally as a suspension in saline) in mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Organ failure and systemic inflammation in rats were assessed 18 hrs after administration of zymosan and/or rosiglitazone and monitored for 12 days (for loss of body weight and mortality rate). Treatment of mice with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 1 and 6 hrs after zymosan) attenuated the peritoneal exudation and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by zymosan. Rosiglitazone also attenuated the lung, liver, and pancreatic injury and renal dysfunction caused by zymosan as well as the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentrations caused by zymosan in the lung and intestine. Immunohistochemical analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) revealed positive staining in lung and intestine tissues obtained from zymosan-treated mice. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) was markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from zymosan-treated mice that received rosiglitazone. To elucidate whether the protective effects of rosiglitazone are related to activation of the PPAR-gamma receptor, we also investigated the effect of a PPAR-gamma antagonist, GW 9662, on the protective effects of rosiglitazone. GW 9662 (1 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally 30 mins before treatment with rosiglitazone) significantly antagonized the effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist and thus abolished the protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence, for the first time, that rosiglitazone attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced nonseptic shock in mice