Contribution à l'étude des glucosinolates de Isatis tinctoria L. et de Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.

Ce Travail est consacré à l'étude des glucosinolates de deux espèces végétales : Isatis tinctoria L. et Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Ces métabolites secondaires de plante sont des thioglucosides sulfatés à l'origine de l'odeur et du goût piquant de certains légumes tels que le chou ou le radis. Parmi les dix glucosinolates isolés et identifiés des graines de Isatis tinctoria L., quatre sont des produits naturels nouveaux : la glucoisatisine, l'épi-glucoisatisine, la 3'-hydroxyglucoisatisine et la 3'-hydroxyépi-glucoisatisine. Ils combinent un aglycone aliphatique et indolique, et peuvent être, non seulement considérés comme un nouveau type de glucosinolates indoliques, mais également, comme des métabolites de l'hormone végétale acide indole-3-acétique ou IAA. Des somités fleuries de Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., ont été isolés un glucosinolate, la sinalbine et un sel de glucosinolate, la L-proline glucoraphanine. La glucoraphanine est présente dans les parties aériennes et dans les graines, mais est associée à la L-proline uniquement dans les tiges. Le travail d'isolement et d'identification a été complété par le développement d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des glucosinolates par spectrométrie de masse. Cette méthode permet de déterminer l'ensemble des glucosinolates à partir d'un extrait total de plante, de manière directe, sans étape de purification préalable. L'éfficacité de cette technique a été testée, avec succès, dans l'évaluation du profil en glucosinolates de Isatis tinctoria L. et Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.TOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF

Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: Clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects

International audienceBackground: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in French Guiana but cases are usually sporadic. An outbreak signal was issued on May 15th 2020 with 15 suspected cases after a military training course in the rainforest. An outbreak investigation was carried out.Methodology/principal findings: Thirty cases were confirmed. Leishmania guyanensis was the most frequent species (90%). The most frequent presentation was ulcerative (90%). Lesions on the face and hands were frequent (40% each). Eight cases (26%) presented a poor outcome after treatment with pentamidine and required a second line with amphotericin B. Three of them required further treatments with meglumine antimoniate or miltefosine. Two spots within the training area were deemed as likely sites of contamination, due to illegal logging. The isolated Leishmania strains did not form a separate cluster. Participation in Week 13 of year 2020 was associated with infection (OR = 4.59 [1.10-19.83]; p = 0.016) while undergoing only the "Fighting" exercise was protective (OR = 0.1 [0-0.74]; p = 0.021). There was no association between infection and other risk factors at the individual level. The attack rate of Regiment B (14/105 = 13.3%) was significantly higher (OR = 4.22 [1.84-9.53], p = 0.0001) compared to Regiment A (16/507 = 3.2%). The attack rate during this training course (30/858 = 3.5%) was significantly higher (OR 2.29 [1.28-4.13]; p = 0.002) than for other missions in French Guiana during the same period (22/1427 = 1.5%).Conclusions: This outbreak could be explained by a combination of factors: climatic conditions around week 13, at-risk activities including night trainings, absence of impregnation, a lesser experience of rainforest duties in Regiment B and illegal logging attracting sandflies on military training grounds