Franchisor types in portuguese franchising

The identification of the existence of strategic groups within Portuguese franchising constitutes the main aim of the present paper. An empirical study starting from 128 franchising chains operating in Portugal was carried out. The results reveal the existence of five perfectly differentiated strategic groups {franchisor types), which are described starting from the strategic variables that define them. Our main contribution is that the results obtained in the Portuguese franchising system are similar to precedent studies in Canada, USA and Spain. That result suggests a tendency toward the globalization of franchisor types

Influence of macroeconomic indices on European private labels

In this study, we have analysed the impact and evolution of some of the most important macroeconomic indices on market share and value of private labels. The originality of this paper is the linkage of macroeconomic variables of European countries and the evolution of private labels in these nations. This relationship may show the development of commercial distribution with regard to macroeconomic indices. A sample of 13 European countries and a period of 14 years have been collected, including data of private brands and macroeconomic indices. Panel Data analysis has been applied using SAS software. The percentage of female unemployment negatively affects the volume and value of private label, unlike male unemployment, which affects them positively. The GDP influences positively and slightly both the volume and the value of store brands. In addition, the fact that the percentage of urban population has a positive influence on the value of private brands but not on their volume is noteworthy. Last but not least, only the estimation of value of private label in Spain shows a significant positive increase in following years. Eight countries of the sample indicate the opposite trend

Regional analysis of the private label in online shopping

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento regional del consumidor al adquirir un producto online con marca de distribuidor (MDD), basándonos en las relaciones de la MDD con respecto a la cuota MDD online por Comunidades Autónomas en España. En este estudio se analizaron un total de 17.484 compras online de MDD y 92.094 compras online de marcas de fabricantes. Con estos datos se han desarrollado modelos de regresión de clases latentes. Los resultados confirman que la relación entre importe de la MDD y las variables importe de la compra total, compra de productos sin marca y de marca de fabricante en el canal online varía entre comunidades autónomas, no siguiendo un mismo patrón para los usuarios online, aunque el medio sea el mismo.The main objective of this work is to analyze regional consumer behavior when purchasing a private label product online, based on the relationships of the PL with respect to the online PL quota by regions in Spain, assortment of online PLs and purchase online of PLs. In this study, a total of 17,484 online purchases of PL and 92,094 online purchases of manufacturers' brands were analyzed. With these data, latent class regression models have been developed. The results confirm that the relation between PL purchase amount and the variables total purchase amount, purchase of unbranded products and manufacturers brands in the online channel varies between regions, not having an equal behavior for all online users, even using the same retail environment

Segmentation of App Users in Non-University Education (Segmentación de Usuarios de Apps en Educación no Universitaria)

Education is one of the most important public services, especially from a budgetary point of view. The objective of this study is to make a segmentation of the users of the Apps to manage the relationships 212of families with educational centers. This segmentation is done through the internet lifestyle scale (e-lifestyle). By discovering the profiles of these users, taking into account their way of acting and using the Internet, educational administrations can take measures to improve the use and satisfaction of users and that this can be reversed in an improvement in the sustainability and results of the educational system. Our results show 3 segments: Internet addicts, neutral users and anti-Internet users, the latter being the smallest group in our study, although it represents 20% of the parents interviewed

Acceptance of social networking sites by older people before and after COVID-19 confinement: a repeated cross-sectional study in Chile

This study aims to examine the capacity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explain the intention to use social networking sites by older people in two time periods, before and after their confinement by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as the evolution of effects (paths) over time of TPB’s determinants. Based on the samples of 384 and 383 Chilean adults collected before and after confinement, the evolution of the effects (paths) was analysed using the TPB model applying the PLS-SEM technique. In conclusion, as older people begin to use social networking sites to connect with their families and people of interest during confinement, their attitudes become more significant, their perceptions of control become less important, and social pressures remain permanent in time

A comparison of the different versions of popular technology acceptance models

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete and chronological view of the evolution of the main acceptance and use of technology models, from the 1970s to the present day. Design/methodology/approach – A comparison of partial least squares (linear model) and WarpPLS (non-linear model) has been run for each acceptation of technology model: TRA, TAM0, TAM1, TAM2, TAM3, UTAUT, UTAUT2. The data set collects the information of mobile internet users. Findings – The authors have concluded that UTAUT2 model obtains a better explanation power than the rest of technology acceptance models (TAMs) in the sample of mobile internet users. Furthermore, all models have a better explanation power using non-linear relationships than the traditional linear approach. Originality/value – The vast majority of research published to date with regard to the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are based on structural equation models assuming linear relationships between variables. The originality of this study is that it incorporates non-linear relationships and compares the same models using both approaches.Junta de Andalucía P11-SEJ-704