15,193 research outputs found

    Estrutura Genética do Marsupial Marmosops Incanus em Paisagens de Mata Atlântica no Espírito Santo

    Get PDF
    A estrutura, a configuração e a quantidade de hábitat disponível no ambiente ajudam a determinar a viabilidade genética de uma população ou espécie. Em genética da paisagem, conceitos de ecologia da paisagem e genética de populações são utilizados em conjunto para avaliar a conectividade estrutural do ambiente de modo a permitir o entendimento da conectividade funcional de populações na paisagem. Marmosops incanus é um marsupial didelfídeo dependente de floresta com ampla distribuição no bioma Mata Atlântica que é encontrada em maior abundância em ambiente de floresta contínua em algumas regiões, mas em ambientes mais fragmentados em outras regiões, como no Espírito Santo. Nesse trabalho, comparamos a estrutura genética de M. incanus em paisagens de Mata Atlântica do Espírito Santo através de técnicas de isolamento por resistência com o objetivo de se identificar a conectividade genética e possíveis rotas de fluxo gênico entre as populações. Utilizamos oito loci de marcadores microssatélite para avaliar a estrutura, divergência e diversidade genética em 13 localidades. Também testamos a hipótese de que a quantidade de floresta nas diferentes paisagens é determinante para a diversidade e distinção genética da espécie. Marmosops incanus está estruturada em seis agrupamentos genéticos distintos: quatro ao norte do rio Doce que apresentaram maior isolamento genético, e dois ao sul, incluindo o maior agrupamento (denominado Centro-Sul), formado por seis localidades com grande fluxo gênico e valores altos de riqueza alélica. Os resultados obtidos apontam para respostas genéticas diferenciadas da espécie à fragmentação ao norte e ao sul do Rio Doce. No geral, populações de M. incanus em ambientes de floresta contínua ao norte estão mais isoladas geneticamente do que populações em hábitats mais fragmentadas no sul estado. Os mapas das possíveis rotas de fluxo gênico indicam que isso se deve principalmente à configuração dos fragmentos remanescentes. Deve-se exercer cautela ao extrapolar resultados de genética da paisagem encontrados em uma região para outra e que a configuração do hábitat na paisagem é mais determinante para a saúde genética de espécies florestais do que a quantidade de hábitat. Palavras-chave: conectividade, Didelphidae, isolamento por resistência, genética da paisagem, microssatélites

    Conditions for the onset of the current filamentation instability in the laboratory

    Full text link
    Current Filamentation Instability (CFI) is capable of generating strong magnetic fields relevant to explain radiation processes in astrophysical objects and lead to the onset of particle acceleration in collisionless shocks. Probing such extreme scenarios in the laboratory is still an open challenge. In this work, we investigate the possibility of using neutral ee^{-} e+e^{+} beams to explore the CFI with realistic parameters, by performing 2D particle-in-cell simulations. We show that CFI can occur unless the rate at which the beam expands due to finite beam emittance is larger than the CFI growth rate and as long as the role of competing electrostatic two-stream instability (TSI) is negligible. We also show that the longitudinal energy spread, typical of plasma based accelerated electron-positron fireball beams, plays a minor role in the growth of CFI in these scenarios

    Structured Deformations of Continua: Theory and Applications

    Full text link
    The scope of this contribution is to present an overview of the theory of structured deformations of continua, together with some applications. Structured deformations aim at being a unified theory in which elastic and plastic behaviours, as well as fractures and defects can be described in a single setting. Since its introduction in the scientific community of rational mechanicists (Del Piero-Owen, ARMA 1993), the theory has been put in the framework of variational calculus (Choksi-Fonseca, ARMA 1997), thus allowing for solution of problems via energy minimization. Some background, three problems and a discussion on future directions are presented.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, 1 diagram. Submitted to the Proceedings volume of the conference CoMFoS1

    All-optical trapping and acceleration of heavy particles

    Full text link
    A scheme for fast, compact, and controllable acceleration of heavy particles in vacuum is proposed, in which two counterpropagating lasers with variable frequencies drive a beat-wave structure with variable phase velocity, thus allowing for trapping and acceleration of heavy particles, such as ions or muons. Fine control over the energy distribution and the total charge of the beam is obtained via tuning of the frequency variation. The acceleration scheme is described with a one-dimensional theory, providing the general conditions for trapping and scaling laws for the relevant features of the particle beam. Two-dimensional, electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations confirm the validity and the robustness of the physical mechanism.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physic

    Dynamics and control of the expansion of finite-size plasmas produced in ultraintense laser-matter interactions

    Full text link
    The strong influence of the electron dynamics provides the possibility of controlling the expansion of laser-produced plasmas by appropriately shaping the laser pulse. A simple irradiation scheme is proposed to tailor the explosion of large deuterium clusters, inducing the formation of shock structures, capable of driving nuclear fusion reactions. Such a scenario has been thoroughly investigated, resorting to two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Furthermore, the intricate dynamics of ions and electrons during the collisionless expansion of spherical nanoplasmas has been analyzed in detail using a self-consistent ergodic-kinetic model. This study clarifies the transition from hydrodynamic-like to Coulomb-explosion regimes

    Amplification and generation of ultra-intense twisted laser pulses via stimulated Raman scattering

    Get PDF
    Twisted Laguerre-Gaussian lasers, with orbital angular momentum and characterised by doughnut shaped intensity profiles, provide a transformative set of tools and research directions in a growing range of fields and applications, from super-resolution microcopy and ultra-fast optical communications to quantum computing and astrophysics. The impact of twisted light is widening as recent numerical calculations provided solutions to long-standing challenges in plasma-based acceleration by allowing for high gradient positron acceleration. The production of ultrahigh intensity twisted laser pulses could then also have a broad influence on relativistic laser-matter interactions. Here we show theoretically and with ab-initio three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, that stimulated Raman backscattering can generate and amplify twisted lasers to Petawatt intensities in plasmas. This work may open new research directions in non-linear optics and high energy density science, compact plasma based accelerators and light sources.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
    corecore