Mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract in the state of Mato Grosso in 2020

Malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract occupy the third place of cancer deaths in the world and the second most deadly in men and the sixth in women. Eating habits characterized by the consumption of food with high caloric and glycemic indexes, associated with a sedentary lifestyle, provide a greater risk of developing hepatic steatosis, as well as obesity, which, together with the increased incidence of chronic viral hepatitis, excessive alcoholism, and age over 50 years, constitute the main risk factors for the development of these types of cancer. In addition, due to the chronicity of liver pathologies, the diagnosis is usually late, a factor that contributes to increase the mortality rate. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the epidemiological profile of deaths due to liver cancer and intrahepatic biliary tract that occurred in the state of Mato Grosso in 2020. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), and in the population estimate of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for 2020. A study was carried out of the epidemiological profile of deaths related to liver and intrahepatic biliary ducts neoplasms (CID 10 C-22) of the state of Mato Grosso for the year 2020 regarding age group, sex (gender), and race. A total of 120 deaths due to malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract were reported, corresponding to a mortality rate of approximately 3.4 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, with the proportion of deaths between men and women approximately 4:3. For both sexes, there is an abrupt increase in the incidence of deaths after the sixth decade of life, corresponding to 90% of deaths due to this pathology. Regarding the racial evaluation, deaths are more incident in the yellow race, with about 4.97 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, followed by the black race with 4.87 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. Thus, it is evident that deaths from liver and intrahepatic biliary tract malignant neoplasms in the state of Mato Grosso, in 2020, were concentrated from the sixth decade of life, especially in men, with emphasis on the yellow race. It should be noted that the analysis of epidemiological characteristics is essential for the development of screening policies and early diagnosis in patients with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

Prevalence and influence of overweight and obesity on clinical and epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients in the North of Mato Grosso, Brazil: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Obesity is one of the main preventable risk factors in post-menopausal breast cancer. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to demonstrate the clinical and epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients diagnosed in the period from 2013 to 2018 in the North of Mato Grosso, Brazil and to verify the prevalence and influence of overweight and obesity in these patients. Data were collected from patient’s medical records who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma in the Department of Oncology of Santo Antônio’s Hospital, in Sinop-MT. 196 patients were included. 99.5% were women. The majority were married, ≥50 years old (57.7%) and overweight or obese. In the overweight and obesity group the percentage of patients with invasive breast carcinoma were significantly higher when compared with eutrophic group (p=0.03). In all groups the profile of estrogen and progesterone receptors positive and HER-2 negative were more prevalent, however, the frequency of triple negative profile was higher in the overweight (7.1%) and obesity (6.3%) group when compared with control (4.3%) group, as well as the presence of hypertension and diabetes. In conclusion, it was observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in breast cancer patients, which contributed to modify the histological type of breast cancer (high prevalence of invasive and lobular carcinomas), increase the frequency of patients in stages 3 and 4, the percentage of triple negative profile and the frequency of other comorbidities, as hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, metformin, an antidiabetic drug, seems to be contributing to reduce tumor development and improve the clinical profile and prognosis in diabetic breast cancer patients

Effect of metformin in the tumor development in obese: mecchanisms involved.

A influência da obesidade induzida por glutamato monossódico em ratos sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor de Walker-256 e os efeitos da metformina (300mg/kg, v.o., 15 dias) foram investigados. Na 16ª semana de vida, inocularam-se as células tumorais e iniciou-se o tratamento. Após 15 dias, analisou-se o crescimento tumoral. A viabilidade de células tumorais, MCF-7, tratadas com meformina foi avaliada. A obesidade contribuiu para maior desenvolvimento tumoral e reduziu a sobrevida dos ratos. A metformina foi eficaz em impedir o aumento do tumor e aumentou a sobrevida dos ratos. Teve efeito antiproliferativo sobre as células MCF-7, efeito esse relacionado ao bloqueio do ciclo celular, estresse oxidativo, aumento na apoptose e necrose celulares, e aumento na atividade da AMPK e do FOXO3a. Conclui-se que a obesidade contribui de maneira significativa para o desenvolvimento tumoral e que a metformina é eficaz em diminuí-lo.The influence of obesity induced by monossodium glutamate in rats on Walker-256 tumor development and the metformin (300/kg, b.w., 15 days) effect were analyzed. At the 16th week, 1x107 Walker-256 tumor cells were inoculated and the treatment with metformin was started. Following this treatment, the tumor growth was analyzed. The cell viability of MCF-7 cells treated with metformin was analyzed. Obesity positively contributed for tumor development and it reduced life span of the rats. Metformin reduced the tumor development and increased the life span of the rats. It presented an antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 cells. Effect associated with an increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. Furthermore, its effect is associated with an increased in AMPK and FOXO3a activities. In conclusion, obesity contributed significantly to tumor development and metformin is effective in reduced it

: Obesity and insulin resistance influences in the tumor development metformin effects

A influência da obesidade e da resistência à insulina (induzidas em ratos por injeção de glutamato monossódico em neonatos) sobre o desenvolvimento tumoral (5x105 células do tumor de Walker-256) e os efeitos da metformina (300mg/kg, v.o., 15 dias) nessa condição foram investigados. Na 16ª semana de vida, inocularam-se as células e iniciou-se o tratamento. Após 15 dias de tratamento, caracterizou-se a obesidade e a analisou-se o crescimento tumoral. O desenvolvimento tumoral e a caquexia foram maiores nos obesos. A metformina reduziu o desenvolvimento do tumor, mas não a caquexia. Apesar da metformina não ter melhorado a sensibilidade à insulina, corrigiu a dislipidemia, reduziu a peroxidação lipídica e as gorduras periepididimal e retroperitoneal. Conclui-se que a obesidade aumenta o desenvolvimento tumoral e que a metformina é eficaz em diminui-lo. O mecanismo envolvido parece não depender da melhora da sensibilidade à insulinaThe influence of obesity and insulin resistance (induced in rats by monosodium glutamate in neonates) on tumor development (5x105 Walker-256 tumor cells) and the effect of metformin (300mg/kg, by gavage, for 15 d) on it. On the 16th week, tumor cells were subcutaneously injected and the treatment started. On the 18th week, the obesity was characterized and the tumor was evaluated. The tumor development and the cachexia were higher in obese rats. The tumor development was reduced by metformin, but not cachexia. Although metformin did not improve insulin sensitivity it did correct the dislypidemia, reduced the periepididimal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion obesity increases tumor development and metformin is able to reduce it. The reduction occurred independently of the correction of insulin resistanc

Study of morphological alterations of the adrenal glands in the neoplastic cachexia <br> Estudo das alterações morfológicas da glândula adrenal na caquexia neoplásica

Advanced cancer occurs with nutritional and metabolic alterations that characterize neoplastic cachexia. When homeostasis is compromised, the adrenal glands have a fundamental role in the neuroendocrine response. Our purpose in this research was to study morphological alterations of the adrenal glands in the development of cancer associated to cachexia. Cachexia experimental model induced by Walker 256 tumor in Wistar rats, was used. Animals were sacrificed 12 days after tumor cells inoculation and adrenal glands removal for histopathologic analysis by means of hematoxylin and eosin stain. Nutritional parameters, cachexia index and adrenal glands weight, were evaluated. Animals with tumor presented cachexia index of 16,6 ± 4%. Adrenal glands average weight was significantly higher in the tumor group (40 mg ± 10) than in the control group (25 mg ± 3). Adrenal cortex of animals with cachexia showed hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata and reticular layer, with voluminous spongiocytes; vascular congestion and stasis were observed in the medullar region. Results were similar in the pair and ad libitum-fed groups. Animals with cancer cachexia showed compromised morphology of the adrenal glands which showed alterations related to stress response, suggesting increased cathecolamine secretion and activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.   Advanced cancer occurs with nutritional and metabolic alterations that characterize neoplastic cachexia. When homeostasis is compromised, the adrenal glands have a fundamental role in the neuroendocrine response. Our purpose in this research was to study morphological alterations of the adrenal glands in the development of cancer associated to cachexia. Cachexia experimental model induced by Walker 256 tumor in Wistar rats, was used. Animals were sacrificed 12 days after tumor cells inoculation and adrenal glands removal for histopathologic analysis by means of hematoxylin and eosin stain. Nutritional parameters, cachexia index and adrenal glands weight, were evaluated. Animals with tumor presented cachexia index of 16,6 ± 4%. Adrenal glands average weight was significantly higher in the tumor group (40 mg ± 10) than in the control group (25 mg ± 3). Adrenal cortex of animals with cachexia showed hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata and reticular layer, with voluminous spongiocytes; vascular congestion and stasis were observed in the medullar region. Results were similar in the pair and ad libitum-fed groups. Animals with cancer cachexia showed compromised morphology of the adrenal glands which showed alterations related to stress response, suggesting increased cathecolamine secretion and activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.   <p><p>O câncer em estágio avançado cursa com alterações nutricionais e metabólicas que caracterizam o estado de caquexia neoplásica. Em situações de comprometimento da homeostasia, a glândula adrenal tem papel fundamental na resposta neuroendócrina. Para estudar as alterações morfológicas da adrenal no desenvolvimento do câncer associado à caquexia, utilizamos o modelo experimental de caquexia induzida pelo tumor de Walker-256 em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram sacrificados 12 dias após inoculação tumoral e as adrenais removidas para análise histopatológica por meio da coloração por hematoxilina-eosina. Foram avaliados os parâmetros nutricionais, índice de caquexia e peso das adrenais. Os animais com tumor apresentaram índice de caquexia de 16,6 ± 4%. A média do peso das adrenais foi significativamente maior no grupo tumor (40 mg ± 10) do que no controle (25 mg ± 3). O córtex adrenal dos animais com caquexia apresentou hipertrofia das camadas fasciculada e reticular, exibindo espongiócitos volumosos; a região medular apresentou congestão e estase vascular. Os resultados foram semelhantes nos animais do grupo pair fed e do grupo alimentado ad libitum. Animais com caquexia devido ao câncer apresentam comprometimento morfológico da glândula adrenal que exibe alterações relacionadas à resposta de estresse, compatíveis com maior secreção de catecolaminas e ativação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal

Metformin reduces the stimulatory effect of obesity on in vivo Walker-256 tumor development and increases the area of tumor necrosis

Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of obesity and insulin resistance on tumor development and, in turn, the effect of insulin sensitizing agents. Main methods: Male offspring of Wistar rats received monosodium glutamate (400 mg/kg) (obese) or saline (control) from the second to sixth day after birth. Sixteen-week-old control and obese rats received 5 x 10(5) Walker-256 tumor cells, subcutaneously injected into the right flank. Some of the obese and control rats received concomitant treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg) by gavage. At the 18th week, obesity was characterized. The percentage of rats that developed tumors, the tumor relative weight and the percentage of cachexia incidence were analyzed. The tumor tissue was evaluated histologically by means of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Key findings: Metformin did not correct the insulin resistance in obese rats. The tumor development was significantly higher in the obese group, whereas metformin treatment reduced it. After pathological analysis, we observed that the tumor tissues were similar in all groups except for adipocytes, which were found in greater quantity in the obese and metformin-treated obese groups. The area of tumor necrosis was higher in the group treated with metformin when compared with the untreated one. Significance: Metformin reduced Walker-256 tumor development but not cachexia in obese rats. The reduction occurred independently of the correction of insulin resistance. Metformin increased the area of necrosis in tumor tissues, which may have contributed to the reduced tumor development. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologia (INCT) of Obesity and Diabetes/CNP

A wearable chatbot-based model for monitoring colorectal cancer patients in the active phase of treatment

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. This study presents the findings of a prospective non-randomized clinical study for evaluating a new computational model for monitoring colorectal cancer patients in the active treatment phase using artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. For eight weeks, patients self-reported perceived symptoms and adverse effects, practiced physical activity, and data about their diet. The outcome assessment was based on comparing the intervention and control groups. Patients evaluated the model using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Patients who participated in the model reported signs and symptoms more accurately (control: 64.7%; intervention: 92.3%; p = 0.1038). In the intervention group, physical activity was more effective, and most patients (61.5%) interacted with the chatbot for at least 62.5% of the period. Results indicate that the model contributes to more assertive data collection and greater patient engagement in self-management of symptoms and adverse effects of treatment and cancer. Moreover, the model contributed to increasing the practice of light physical activity by patients. UEQ and SUS scores indicate that the model met users’ expectations and has acceptable usability