Instrumental Characterization and Antibacterial Investigation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Garcinia Kola Leaf

The need to devise another method of synthesizing nanoparticles from sources that are eco-friendly, non-hazardous and cost effectiveness is of great importance in preventing environmental and health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Garcinia kola leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles synthesis. The leaves of Garcinia kola obtained were authenticated, air dried, pulverized and extracted. The extract was mixed with aqueous solution of silver nitrate solution to form silver nanoparticles and were characterized using Ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial investigation of the synthesized silver nanoparticle was carried out following the disk diffusion method. UV analysis revealed the silver surface plasmon band at 425.18 nm, The FTIR indicated -OH, -C=C- and alkane as the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of the silver nanoparticle formed. The morphological assessment from SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that the silver nanoparticle formed are spherical in shape with an average particle size of 28.80nm.The EDX analysis ascertained that the silver surface plasmon resonance at 2.8–3.2 keV was confirmed the reduction of silver ion (Ag+ to Ag0). The XRD study revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles synthesized. The antibacterial investigation showed high inhibition against the growth of tested bacteria.  This study ascertained that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle without the use of harmful solvent that are offensive to the environment is achievable.  Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial activity and Garcinia kola

Quality assessment of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo state, Nigeria

The aim of this study was to assess the safety level of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria. Several packs of bottled water were obtained from three different manufacturers. Some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were investigated to assess the quality of the bottle water using standard methods. The results from the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were in with World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water when compared. This study confirmed that the analyzed bottled water has good quality. Therefore, these bottled water are said to be safe for drinking

Concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some commercial herbal drugs used for cholera treatment in southwest Nigeria

The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer risk that could be incurred from the use of some anti-cholera herbal drugs sold in Southwest Nigeria. Three most popular anti-cholera herbal drugs were studied. The cancer risk estimation for the drugs at studied population ranges from 7.119 to 0.338 x 10-8 in children, 9.563 to 0.129 x 10-8 in preteen and 9.541 to 5.196 x 10-8 in adult. The cancer risk estimated values are below the USEPA set value 1 x 10-6. This established that the use of these herbal drugs might not lead to cancer if consumed at low dosage

Bioremediation and pharmacological applications of gold nanoparticles synthesized from plant materials

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are gaining remarkable attention in this era due to their distinctive properties and multi applications. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is one of the most relevant metal nanoparticles with enormous applications in various field of research and industries. The demand for AuNPs is increasing rapidly. Extensive awareness has been allotted to the development of novel approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs with quality morphological properties using biological sources due to the limitations associated with the chemical and physical methods. Several factors such as contact time, temperature, pH of solution media, concentration of gold precursors and volume of plant extract influences the synthesis, characterization and applications of AuNPs. Characterization of synthesized AuNPs is important in evaluating the morphological properties of AuNPs since the morphological properties of AuNPs affect their potential use in various applications. This review highlights various methods of synthesizing AuNPs, parameters influencing the biosynthesis of AuNPs from plant extract, several techniques used for AuNPs characterization and their potential in bioremediation and biomedical applications

A Review on Synthesis, Optimization, Mechanism, Characterization, and Antibacterial Application of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plants

Developments in nanotechnology and natural product research toward the search for novel antibacterial agents have drawn the interest of many scientists to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from natural product (especially plants) due to its numerous benefits over other methods of synthesis such as been easy, economical, convenient, and environmental friendly. Aside from the aforementioned advantages, the synthesis of AgNPs from medicinal plant has been reported as the best approach of synthesizing AgNPs with great biological activities due to the numerous biomolecules found in plants. Recently, the number of researches toward the improvement of the yield, morphological properties, analytical techniques, and the development of optimal conditions and exact mechanism for synthesizing AgNPs from plants have been increasing tremendously. In this review, we present a comprehensive report on the recent development in the synthesis, optimization conditions, mechanism, and characterization techniques of AgNPs synthesized from plant extracts. Furthermore, a thorough discussion on the recent advances in the application of AgNPs synthesized from plant as therapeutic agent against bacterial infections was made

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for biomedical application and environmental remediation

Recent development in nanoscience and nanotechnology has contributed to the wide applications of metal and metal oxides nanoparticles in several field of sciences, research institutes and industries. Among all metal oxides, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) has gained more attention due to its distinctive properties and applications. The high cost of reagents, equipment and environmental hazards associated with the physical and chemical methods of synthesizing CuONPs has been a major setback. In order to puffer solution to the aforementioned challenges by reducing environmental pollution and production of cheaper nanoparticles with good properties and efficiency, this review focus on collection of comprehensive information from recent developments in the synthesis, characterization and applications from previous scientific findings on biological method of synthesizing CuONPs due to the acclaimed advantages of been cheap, environmentally friendly, convenient and possibility of been scale up in into large scale production reported by numerous researchers. Our finding also support the synthesis of CuONPs from plant sources due to relative abundance of plants for the production of reducing and stabilizing agents required for CuONPs synthesis, potential efficiency of plant biomolecules in enhancing the toxicity effect of CuONPs against microbes, prevention of environmental pollution due of nontoxic chemicals and degradation effectiveness of CuONPs synthesized from plant sources. Furthermore, this study provide useful information on the rapid synthesis of CuONPs with desired properties from plant extracts

Characterization and Pharmacological Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using the Bark Extract of Garcinia Kola

The delinquent peril of bacterial infections affecting human kind is becoming unbearable. This study was embarked on to investigate the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Garcinia kola bark extract against some bacteria strains. Fresh barks of Garcinia kola were obtained from the “Gbeleju” farm land in Irele town in Ondo state region of Nigeria. Exactly 0.4 g of previously pulverized bark of Garcinia kola was immersed into 20 mL of distilled water and heated at 60–70°C for 10 minutes yielding the extract. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was characterized with UV spectroscope, Fourier infrared spectroscope (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive X-Ray analyzer (EDX). Then, 0.2 g of the silver nanoparticles was dissolved in 2 ml of water to yield 100 mg/ml of the stock solution which was further diluted for the antibacterial analysis via the disc diffusion method. The result obtained from the analytical characterization of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles revealed a spherical particle shape, particle size in the range of 12.23 to 27.90 nm with an average size of 20.07 nm via TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of -OH functional group for the stabilization of the silver nanoparticles formed due to the broad peak at wavelength 3324.52 and 3344.21 cm−1. The EDX analysis revealed carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, potassium, copper, and silver as the elements present in the nanoparticles. Results obtained from the antibacterial screening of the biosynthesized AgNPs showed inhibitory potential that are capable of obstructing the growth of the test bacteria. This investigation ascertained the biosynthesized AgNPs as a remedy for curing bacterial infections and also a promising source for novel antibacterial agent