Farm performance and support in Central and Western Europe: A comparison of Hungary and France

The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each country’s respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results revealed that in both the dairy and the COP sectors, Hungarian farms’ technology was the more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming in these two sectors. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France. Subsidies received by farms have indeed a stronger negative impact on technical efficiency for French farms than for Hungarian farms, and a negative impact on the ability to lead the technology only for French farms.technology gap, technical efficiency, Malmquist indices, subsidies, farms

Technical Efficiency and Productivity Change of Dairy Farms: A comparison of France and Hungary

The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency, productivity and technology between French and Hungarian dairy farms, in 2001 and 2002, using Data Envelopment Analysis with separate and a common frontier. Results indicate that Hungarian farmers are more clustered to their own frontier than French farms are, but French farms are, on the other hand, more scale efficient. Both samples have increased their productivity between both years, with a higher technological change for Hungary. Comparing the technology of both countries reveals that Hungarian farms have a superior technology. Under a common hypothetical technology, Hungarian farms would be the leaders but French farms would nevertheless succeed in increasing their productivity as much as they do under their own frontier.Productivity Analysis,

The Choice of Farm Organization. A Hungarian Case

The literature on the agricultural transformation in Central an Eastern European countries usually neglect the investigation of organizational forms in agriculture. This paper is the first to analyze the choice of organization forms in transition agriculture employing transaction cost theory. The analysis is based on Hungarian FADN data in 2003. In general, our results do not support the theoretical predictions on the choice of farm organization, but confirm the differences in capital level and farm area observed in different farm organizations. The divergence between theory and empirics shed light on the importance of path dependency in explaining of farm organizations.Farm Management,

Patterns and determinants of agro-food trade of the BRIC countries: The role of institution

Agro-food trade between the BRIC countries has increased. Brazil and China contributed to the rapid increase of agro-food trade. The Russian Federation experienced the stagnating and the most volatile agro-food trade over time. The composition of agro-food trade for the BRIC countries varies by the BEC agro-food trade categories and over time. The prevailing in the composition of agro-food trade are BEC122 and BEC111 for Brazil and the Russian Federation, and BEC122 and BEC112 for India and China. Brazil and India have strengthened their market shares in agro-food trade between the BRIC countries, while the Russian Federation has experienced the most severe deterioration. The number and the share of trading partners that have traded every year vary between the BRIC countries and the BEC agro-food trade categories over time. Agro-food trade between the BRIC countries is positively associated with the GDP size and population size in importing countries, but negatively associated with the GDP size and population size in exporting countries as well as with distance. Mixed results are found for border effect, institutional quality and institutional similarity depending on the BEC agro-food trade categories. --agro-food trade,BRIC countries,adapted gravity model,institutions

The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility upon Foreign Trade of Hungarian Agricultural Products

This paper takes a new empirical look at the long-standing question of the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows of transition economies in Central Europe by studying the case of Hungarian agricultural exports to their export destination countries between 1999 and 2008. Based on a gravity model that controls for other factors likely to determine bilateral trade, the results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant positive effect on agricultural trade over this period. This positive effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that agri-food entrepreneurs are not interested in speeding up the process of joining Hungary to the euro zone

Lágyrész-sérülések korlátozott igazságügyi megítélhet sége.

The results of the present study confirm the hypothesis that MDRIs can be characterised by interdiscursivity, predominantly due to the inconsistent use of terms and the absence of important features of soft tissue injuries in the three analysed countries. These factors can be attributed to the supposition that clinicians do not always seem to be aware of the fact that their medical findings might be used as legal evidence when a crime or forbearance is investigated. Another reason might be that they only concentrate on the acute treatment, which they often have to perform at night or under aggravated circumstances. There are neither standardised forms to fill in nor terms made available for physicians formulating findings on injuries. Consequently, it can hardly be expected that primary treating doctors should provide MDRIs which are perfectly applicable to forensic reconstruction.17