Estratégias de coping utilizadas por familiares de indivíduos em tratamento hemodialítico

This descriptive, qualitative study aims to identify the coping strategies used most by the family members of patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis. The data were collected through interviews, with the Coping Strategies Inventory questionnaire administered to ten family members, and were submitted to descriptive statistics and to thematic content analysis. The strategy used most was escape-avoidance, demonstrating that the family members prefer not to face the situation. The second most-used strategy was social support, ratified by the fact that they stated that they talk with other persons and professionals, seeking information about the problem, and because they accept the support received positively. The third was problem resolution, represented by the attitude of accepting responsibility for the care, either through strong affective bonds or through a feeling of responsibility established prior to the disease. The families use coping strategies of different intensities, while, nevertheless, indicating involvement and major participation in the care for the patient.Estudio cualitativo, que trató de identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por las familias de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Se aplicó el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento y una questión abierta con diez familiares. Los datos cuantitativos fueron sometidos a procedimientos estatísticos y análisis de contenido cualitativo. La estrategia de mayor utilización fue el escape y evitación (oito), lo que demuestra que los miembros de las familisa preferían no tener que enfrentar esta situación. La siguiente estrategia fue utilizada más apoyo social, ya hablé con otras personas y profesionales que buscan información sobre el problema, y aceptar el apoyo positivo recibido. A terceira foi resolução de problemas, representada pela atitude em assumir o cuidado, seja pelo forte vínculo afetivo ou pelo sentimento de responsabilidade já estabelecido antes da doença. Familias de las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas con diferentes intensidades, pero mostrando una gran implicación y la participación en el cuidado del paciente crónico.Estudo descritivo, de natureza quali-quantitativa, que objetivou identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento mais utilizadas por familiares de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, com aplicação do Inventário de Estratégias de Coping a dez familiares, e submetidos à estatística descritiva e à análise de conteúdo temática. A estratégia mais utilizada foi fuga e esquiva, demonstrando que os familiares preferiam não enfrentar a situação. A segunda estratégia mais usada foi suporte social, ratificada ao afirmarem que conversaram com outras pessoas e profissionais buscando informações sobre o problema, e por aceitarem positivamente o apoio recebido. A terceira foi resolução de problemas, representada pela atitude em assumir o cuidado, seja pelo forte vínculo afetivo ou pelo sentimento de responsabilidade já estabelecido antes da doença. As famílias empregaram estratégias de enfrentamento com intensidades diferentes, porém indicando envolvimento e grande participação no cuidado ao doente.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)aff2Universidade Estadual de MaringáUEMUNIFESPSciEL

Allelopathic Potential of Invasive Plantago virginica on Four Lawn Species

Plantago virginica L. has invaded many lawn ecosystems in the Eastern part of China. The invasion has incurred an economic cost to remove them. In order to prevent the invasion, it is critical to understand the invasive mechanisms of this species. However, few studies have been conducted on the allelopathic mechanisms of its invasion. In this study, we examined allelopathic effects of P. virginica on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of four widely used lawn species. We found extensive allelopathic potential of P. virginica on other lawn species, which varied with species and developmental stage. While most effects of the extracts of P. virginica were inhibitory, some variables in some species were promoted by the addition of the extracts. The extracts of P. virginica significantly inhibited seed germination of Agrostis matsumurae. While the overall differences in seed germination rate of Poa annua were significant among treatments, difference between control and any of the treatments was not significant. The height of seedlings of A. matsumurae and Cynodon dactylon was significantly lower under the treatments of adding extracts of P. virginica. In contrast, growth of seedlings of Festuca elata and P. annua did not show significant differences among treatments. The root length of A. matsumurae, C. dactylon and P. annua was suppressed by the extracts of P. virginica whereas root length of F. elata was not affected. Aboveground biomass of A. matsumurae and F. elata was significantly higher than control, except for F. elata at the concentration of 50mg/mL, whereas aboveground biomass of C. dactylon and P. annua was reduced at higher concentrations of the extracts. Except for A. matsumurae, root biomass of the other three lawn species declined under the treatments with the extracts of P. virginica. Our results revealed that P. virginica had allelopathic potential on four lawn species and supported the theory of “novel weapons hypothesis”. Invasion by P. virginica in lawn can be moderated by selecting those species that are not affected or promotionally affected by it.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee

Função de resposta do meloeiro a diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio Response function of melon under different irrigation and nitrogen levels

Objetivou-se estudar o efeito de lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio sobre o rendimento físico e econômico do meloeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em Pentecoste-CE, entre setembro e dezembro de 2002, em um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da combinação entre quatro lâminas de irrigação (W1= 232,7; W2= 334,7; W3= 422,1; W4= 567,8 mm) e quatro níveis de adubação nitrogenada (N0= 0; N1= 75; N2= 150; N3= 300 kg ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados dez modelos estatíticos e o que melhor se ajustou aos dados do experimento foi o polinomial quadrático, sem intercepto e sem interação entre os fatores lâminas de água (W) e doses de nitrogênio(N), conforme a equação de função de produção Y= 70,77509 W+34,16737 N0,05781 W²0,07612 N². Verificou-se que o fator água apresentou efeito significativo sobre o rendimento do meloeiro, enquanto o fator nitrogênio foi significativo apenas ao nível de 6,43%. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores lâmina de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio. O máximo rendimento estimado foi de 25.496,1 kg ha-1. A receita líquida máxima estimada foi de R$3.353,24 ha-1 obtida com rendimento de 25.384,3 kg ha-1 de melão, utilizando-se 609,2 mm de água e 186,2 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. A ótima eficiência econômica do uso da água estimada foi de 41,66 kg ha-1 mm-1, para uma dose de 186,2 kg ha-¹ de nitrogênio.<br>The objective of this work was to study the effect of water and nitrogen on the physical and economic yield of melon. The experiment was carried out in Pentecoste, Ceará State, Brazil, from September to December 2002, in a completely randomized experimental design, with blocks in split-plots. The main treatments were four water depths (W1= 232.7; W2= 334.7; W3= 422.1; W4= 567.8 mm) with four levels of nitrogen (N0= 0; N1= 75; N2= 150; N3= 300 kg ha-1). Ten statistic models were evaluated and the one that best adjusted to the experiment data was the quadratic polynomial model, without intercept and interaction among water (W) and nitrogen (N) factors as shown in the production function equation Y= 70,77509 W+34,16737 N0,05781 W²0,07612 N². Water presented a significant effect on productivity, while nitrogen was just significant at the level of 6.43$3,353.24 ha-1, obtained with 609.2 mm of water and 186.2 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, providing a yield of 25,384.3 kg ha-1. The economic efficiency of water use was estimated in 41.66 kg ha-1 mm-1, with the application of 186.2 kg ha-1 of nitrogen