Climatic teleconnection of the future trend of meteorological, GRACE-DSI, and vegetation-conditioned-based drought analysis in the Ganga Basin

This study assesses drought in the Ganga River Basin using standard precipitation index (SPI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Drought Severity Index (GRACE-DSI), and vegetation condition index (VCI) via geographic information system (GIS) and non-parametric tests. Future SPI trends show increasing drought severity from 1986 to 2020. GRACE-DSI analysis (2002–2020) indicates a potential rise in drought conditions. VCI computations reveal vegetation health dynamics. Findings suggest an impending severe drought in the Ganga Basin, necessitating urgent water resource management. Drought causes are linked to precipitation changes and resource over-exploitation in changing climate conditions. The study emphasizes implementing measures like water conservation, sustainable land use, and groundwater recharge strategies to mitigate drought impacts

Determinants of vitamin D status in young adults: influence of lifestyle, sociodemographic and anthropometric factors

Abstract Background Very few studies have investigated the determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in young adults (18–25 years old) using a set of variables that include lifestyle, sociodemographic, and anthropometric data. Our aim was to investigate the association between these variables and vitamin D status in a sample of untreated young adults. Methods A total of 738 young adults were enrolled in a (June cross-sectional study 2012 to May 2014) and were recruited from educational institutions in the Copenhagen area. For multivariate logistic regression subjects was categorized based on 25[OH]D in serum into; vitamin D sufficiency (S-25[OH]D > 50 nmol/L), vitamin D insufficiency (25 nmol/L ≤ S-25[OH]D ≤ 50 nmol/L), vitamin D deficiency (S-25[OH]D < 25 nmol/L). Information on lifestyle factors and education was obtained by self-reported questionnaires. Results 700 subjects with a valid measurement of S-25[OH]D and a completed questionnaire was analysed. 238 had vitamin D insufficiency, 135 had vitamin D deficiency of which 13 had severe vitamin D deficiency (S-25[OH]D < 12.5 nmol/L). The relative risk (RR) for vitamin D deficiency was highest for men 2.09 (1.52, 2.87); obese subjects 2.00 (1.27, 3.15); smokers 1.33 (1.02, 1.73); subjects who exercised 0-½ hours a week 1.88 (1.21, 2.94); and subjects who consumed fast food once a week 1.59 (1.05, 2.43). The relative risk was significantly lower for subjects who were studying for a Bachelor’s degree (0.40 (0.23, 0.68). For vitamin D insufficiency, the highest RR was again for men 1.31 (1.06, 1.61); obese subjects 1.57 (1.17, 2.11); and subjects who exercised 0-½ hours a week 1.51 (1.11, 2.06). Conclusion In this study of young adults, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent. Modifiable factors such as smoking, maintenance of normal BMI, and physical activity are all potential targets for interventional trials to determine the causal order; such knowledge would be useful in improving S-25[OH]D in young adults. The small group with severe vitamin D deficiency warrants increased attention

Dupilumab side effect in a patient with atopic dermatitis: a case report study

Sakhar S Albader,1 Abdulmajeed A Alharbi,2 Rakan F Alenezi,1 Fahad M Alsaif31College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Alqassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; 3Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a common chronic disease that is described as severe itching associated with recurrent eczematous lesions. In 2017 the US Food and Drug Administration approved dupilumab for treatment of adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis not well controlled with topical therapies or when other therapies are inadvisable. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling by specifically binding to the IL-4R-alpha subunit shared by the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes. There are many adverse effects reported after dupilumab therapy; commonly reported adverse effects include local injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, headache, and nasopharyngitis. Some adverse effects are rare, eg, alopecia areata and cicatricial extropion. We report a new case of a 28-year-old female who experienced face and neck rash after dupilumab injection.Keywords: atopic dermatitis, dupilumab, eczema, adverse effec

Investigation of Boundary Layers in Internal Combustion Engines using a Hybrid Algorithm of High Speed Micro-PIV and PTV

Heat transfer properties vary locally and temporally in internal combustion engines due to variations in the boundary layer flow. In order to characterize the dynamics in the boundary layer, crank-angle resolved high-speed micro particle image velocimetry (_PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) have been used for near-wall velocity measurements in a spark-ignition direct-injection single cylinder engine. A 527-nm dual cavity green Nd:YLF laser was used for velocity measurements near the cylinder head wall between the intake and exhaust valves in the tumble mean flow plane parallel to the cylinder axis. A long-distance microscope was used to obtain a spatial resolution of 45 _m. Flow fields were determined from 180 to 490 CAD in the compression and expansion strokes. The data show significant variation in the flow during the compression and expansion strokes and from cycle to cycle. Flow deceleration was observed during the end of the compression that continued during the expansion stroke until 400 CAD when the flow direction reverses. Sub-millimeter-sized vortical structures were observed within the boundary layer over extended periods of time.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86777/1/Sick4.pd