Dupilumab side effect in a patient with atopic dermatitis: a case report study

Sakhar S Albader,1 Abdulmajeed A Alharbi,2 Rakan F Alenezi,1 Fahad M Alsaif31College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Alqassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; 3Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a common chronic disease that is described as severe itching associated with recurrent eczematous lesions. In 2017 the US Food and Drug Administration approved dupilumab for treatment of adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis not well controlled with topical therapies or when other therapies are inadvisable. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling by specifically binding to the IL-4R-alpha subunit shared by the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes. There are many adverse effects reported after dupilumab therapy; commonly reported adverse effects include local injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, headache, and nasopharyngitis. Some adverse effects are rare, eg, alopecia areata and cicatricial extropion. We report a new case of a 28-year-old female who experienced face and neck rash after dupilumab injection.Keywords: atopic dermatitis, dupilumab, eczema, adverse effec

Investigation of Boundary Layers in Internal Combustion Engines using a Hybrid Algorithm of High Speed Micro-PIV and PTV

Heat transfer properties vary locally and temporally in internal combustion engines due to variations in the boundary layer flow. In order to characterize the dynamics in the boundary layer, crank-angle resolved high-speed micro particle image velocimetry (_PIV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) have been used for near-wall velocity measurements in a spark-ignition direct-injection single cylinder engine. A 527-nm dual cavity green Nd:YLF laser was used for velocity measurements near the cylinder head wall between the intake and exhaust valves in the tumble mean flow plane parallel to the cylinder axis. A long-distance microscope was used to obtain a spatial resolution of 45 _m. Flow fields were determined from 180 to 490 CAD in the compression and expansion strokes. The data show significant variation in the flow during the compression and expansion strokes and from cycle to cycle. Flow deceleration was observed during the end of the compression that continued during the expansion stroke until 400 CAD when the flow direction reverses. Sub-millimeter-sized vortical structures were observed within the boundary layer over extended periods of time.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86777/1/Sick4.pd