Travelers' Diarrhea in Children Visiting Tropical Countries

We studied a group of 174 Portuguese children (aged 2 mo-16 y) who mostly traveled to tropical Portuguese-speaking countries and found an attack rate of 21.8% for travelers' diarrhea, much lower than previously described. We also showed that African rate analysis by region may hide significant differences between countries

Efeito in vitro de glyphosate sobre rizobactérias do gênero Bacillus spp.

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Base station transceiver design in a digital wireless local loop system

During the past ten years the mobile radio communications industry has significantly grown. The miniaturization technologies have allowed smaller and smaller portable terminal radio equipment. People throughout the world have been adhering to the wireless communications methods and services mainly of the public cellular mobile network. The digital cellular mobile networks already implemented all over the world such as for instance, the GSM, PDC and IS-95 provide a very low bit rate which is inefficient for data and video services. Higher bit rate mobile networks are now under research and development. This paper describes a base station transceiver for a higher bit rate digital wireless local loop communications syste

GRASS UTILIZATION IN GROWING FINISHING BÍSARO PIGS (85-107 KG). PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION

The use of different quantities of vegetables, forages or fresh grass as fodder for growing-finishing pigs is an important factor of the northern Portugal traditional system. The increasing development of swine production in outdoor systems, extensive and organic production, turns to upcoming natural diets, in which grass performs a significant part. With regard to this, some investigation has been made concerning the use of fibre-rich feed ingredients in pig nutrition. Metabolic effects of its ingestion are analysed concerning different sights (economical, social, environmental and physiological ones). The aim of this work was to study the effects of grass utilization in the diets on performances of finishing Bísaro pigs. A total of 22 pigs (16 castrated males and 6 females) was housed outdoor and fed ad libitum (37 – 85 kg live weight) with a growing diet and then transferred to an indoor system (with free access to an outdoor area) for 49 days, according to 3 different treatments: 100% concentrate (C), 75% concentrate + ad libitum grass (CE75), 50% concentrate + ad libitum grass (CE50). The grass was supplied and its intake registered on a daily basis. Every 14 days, the pigs were weighted and their back fat (P2 in vivo) measured. After slaughter (average weight of 107 kg LW), yield and ½ left carcass characteristics were controlled. During the outdoor growing phase, the ADG was 513 g/day. During the indoor finishing phase, the increase grass intake was proportional to the reduction of concentrate in the diet. The ADG (g) and the fat deposition (P2 cm) were significantly different (P<0,05) in the 3 treatments (ADG: C=641, CE75=467, CE50=356 and: C=11,4, CE75=+9,5, CE50=+6,2). The empty body weight (kg) was also proportional to the intake of concentrate (C=116,2; CE75=107,7; CE50=102,2). Comparatively to the weight of the body parts, pigs that had higher intake of grass and lower of concentrate showed a higher % of shoulder (P<0,05; C=20,4, CE75=21,7, CE50=22,2) and the pH45min of CE carcasses was significantly higher (P<0,05). As a conclusion, concentrate substitution for grass showed a slower growing rate, thinner carcasses and a high technological quality. Neverthelles variability (CV %) of the productive parameters at the end of this study were higher in the treatments that included grass: live weight (C= 10,5%; C75=10,7%; C50=14,3%), finishing ADG (C=24%; C75=37%, C50=42%), and final fat (C=37%; C75=32%, C50=52%). These values suggest that the utilization of fibrous feeds in growing-finishing swine may be one of the possible explanations of the more heterogeneous products and carcasses found in the traditional or extensive systems, common users of fibrous feeds in the carcass finishing phase

Desenvolvimento da área foliar e matéria seca da folha de feijão-caupi em relação aos graus-dia e radiação.

O acúmulo térmico (graus-dia) e a radiação têm sido utilizados em modelos de simulação de crescimento, desenvolvimento e produção em várias culturas. Objetivando verificar a relação entre a área foliar e peso seco de folhas com graus-dia e radiação, desenvolveu-se um estudo. A mensuração da área foliar e matéria seca das folhas, no total de 50 por coleta, foram realizadas de 7 em 7 dias. A área foliar foi medida utilizando um digitalizador de imagens. Após a digitalização das imagens, utilizou-se o programa Image Tool v. 2.0, no qual foi capaz determinar a área foliar. Após a leitura da área foliar as folhas foram submetidos a secagem em estufa de circulação de ar a 600C até peso constante para se obter a fitomassa. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da área foliar não teve uma relação com o graus-dia e radiação, entretanto a quantidade de matéria seca de folha apresentou uma forte relação com estes dois fatores com a mesma magnitude. Portanto a possibilidade de se obter modelos para simulação da matéria seca de plantas de feijão-caupi poderá vir a ser uma alternativa em futuros estudos

Modulation of apoplast proteome by downy mildew in susceptible and tolerant grapevine cultivars

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On the probability distributions of the force and potential energy for a system with an infinite number of random point sources

In this work, we study the probability distribution for the force and potential energy of a test particle interacting with $N$ point random sources in the limit $N\rightarrow\infty$. The interaction is given by a central potential $V(R)=k/R^{\delta-1}$ in a $d$-dimensional euclidean space, where $R$ is the random relative distance between the source and the test particle, $\delta$ is the force exponent, and $k$ is the coupling parameter. In order to assure a well-defined limit for the probability distribution of the force and potential energy, we { must} renormalize the coupling parameter and/or the system size as a function of the number $N$ of sources. We show the existence of three non-singular limits, depending on the exponent $\delta$ and the spatial dimension $d$. (i) For $\delta<d$ the force and potential energy { converge} to their respective mean values. This limit is called Mean Field Limit. (ii) For $\delta>d+1$ the potential energy converges to a random variable and the force to a random vector. This limit is called Thermodynamic Limit. (iii) For $d<\delta<d+1$ the potential energy converges to its mean and the force to a random vector. This limit is called Mixed Limit Also, we show the existence of two singular limits: (iv) for $\delta=d$ the potential energy converges to its mean and the force to zero, and (v) for $\delta=d+1$ the energy converges to a finite value and the force to a random vector.Comment: 25 pages, 5 tables, Preprint Articl