7 research outputs found

    Impacts des eaux pluviales urbaines sur les eaux souterraines dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement –mĂ©canismes de transfert des mĂ©taux lourds Ă  travers un sol modĂšle de port‐au‐prince, haĂŻti.

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    Direct infiltration of urban stormwater towards superficial formations in developing countries constitutes a contamination risk for both those formations and/or subjacent groundwater. This thesis was focused a round this environ mental issue in which we have studied the three heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) reactivity du ring their transfer related to urban stormwater infiltration in the alluvial formations of the Cul-de-sac Plain in Port-au-Prince. A "model soil " from the area study, with grain size s 2 mm considered as the most reactive, have been used and subjected to metal ions solutions according two different experimental conditions : static (batch) and dynamic (column) experiments. Results from these experimental deviees highlighted the retention or release mechanisms of these metal ions in the pedological medium of Port-au-Prince. Results from batch studies have showed that the competition between two or several cations for the sa me active sites in soils can inhibit the ir sorption individually. Results from columns proved the reactive character of the soil sample for the three metal ions, where approximately 99, 94 and 92% respectively for Cd, Pb and Cu have been retained on the soil. The study of the interactions between metals and the soil sample using PHREEQC code have showed that metals precipitation in a carbonated (cerrusite and otavite) and hydroxides forms and the ion exchange reactions are strongly contributed to this retention. However, these metals can be released or remobilized in the soil related to an abrupt change of the acido-basic conditions of the porous media, then representing a pollution risk for groundwater.L’infiltration directe des eaux pluviales urbaines dans les formations superficielles des pays en dĂ©veloppement constitue un risque de contamination Ă  la fois pour ces formations et/ou pour les eaux souterraines sous-jacentes. Cette thĂšse s’est focalisĂ©e sur cette problĂ©matique environnementale dans laquelle nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© le transfert rĂ©actif de trois mĂ©taux lourds (Pb, Cu et Cd) dans une formation gĂ©ologique reprĂ©sentative : alluvions fluviatiles de la plaine du Cul-de-sac Ă  Port-au-Prince (HaĂŻti). Un « sol modĂšle » provenant du site d’étude, fraction granulomĂ©trique ≀ 2 mm considĂ©rĂ©e comme la plus rĂ©active, a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© et soumis Ă  des solutions chargĂ©es en ions mĂ©talliques suivant deux conditions expĂ©rimentales distinctes : essais en conditions statiques (batch) et en conditions dynamiques (colonne). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus Ă  partir de ces dispositifs expĂ©rimentaux ont mis en Ă©vidence les mĂ©canismes de rĂ©tention ou de relargage des ions mĂ©talliques dans les formations gĂ©ologiques de Port-au-Prince. Les rĂ©sultats en batch ont montrĂ© que la compĂ©tition entre deux ou plusieurs cations pour les mĂȘmes sites actifs du sol peut inhiber leur sorption individuellement. Les rĂ©sultats en colonne ont prouvĂ© le caractĂšre rĂ©actif du sol vis-Ă -vis des trois mĂ©taux, dont environ 99, 94 et 92 % respectivement de cadmium, de plomb et de cuivre ont Ă©tĂ© retenus dans la matrice solide. L’étude des interactions entre les mĂ©taux et l’échantillon de sol Ă  l’aide du code PHREEQC ont montrĂ© qu’une partie des mĂ©taux a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cipitĂ©e sous la forme de carbonates (cĂ©rusite et otavite) et d’hydroxydes, et que le comportement physico-chimique des trois mĂ©taux dans le sol a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement influencĂ© par l’échange ionique. Toutefois, les mĂ©taux retenus sont susceptibles d’ĂȘtre relarguĂ©s et remobilisĂ©s sous l’effet d’un changement brusque des conditions acido-basiques du milieu poreux, reprĂ©sentant ainsi un risque de pollution pour les eaux souterraines

    Assessing the Mobility of Lead, Copper and Cadmium in a Calcareous Soil of Port-au-Prince, Haiti

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    The presence of heavy metals in the environment constitutes a potential source of both soil and groundwater pollution. This study has focused on the reactivity of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) during their transfer in a calcareous soil of Port-au-Prince (Haiti). Kinetic, monometal and competitive batch tests were carried out at pH 6.0. Two simplified models including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to fit the experimental data from kinetics adsorption batch tests. A good fit of these data was found with pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates the applicability of this model to describe the adsorption rates of these metals on the soil. Monometal batch tests indicated that both Langmuir and Freundlich models allowed a good fit for experimental data. On the basis of the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax), the order affinity of Pb, Cu and Cd for the studied soil was Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+. Competitive sorption has proved that the competition between two or several cations on soils for the same active sites can decrease their qmax. These results show that, at high metal concentrations, Cd may pose more threat in soils and groundwater of Port-au-Prince than Pb and Cu

    Impacts des eaux pluviales urbaines sur les eaux souterraines dans les pays en développement (mécanismes de transfert des métaux lourds à travers un sol modÚle de Port-au-Prince, Haïti)

    No full text
    L infiltration directe des eaux pluviales urbaines dans les formations superficielles des pays en dĂ©veloppement constitue un risque de contamination Ă  la fois pour ces formations et/ou pour les eaux souterraines sous-jacentes. Cette thĂšse s est focalisĂ©e sur cette problĂ©matique environnementale dans laquelle nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© le transfert rĂ©actif de trois mĂ©taux lourds (Pb, Cu et Cd) dans une formation gĂ©ologique reprĂ©sentative : alluvions fluviatiles de la plaine du Cul-de-sac Ă  Port-au-Prince (HaĂŻti). Un sol modĂšle provenant du site d Ă©tude, fraction granulomĂ©trique <= 2 mm considĂ©rĂ©e comme la plus rĂ©active, a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© et soumis Ă  des solutions chargĂ©es en ions mĂ©talliques suivant deux conditions expĂ©rimentales distinctes : essais en conditions statiques (batch) et en conditions dynamiques (colonne). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus Ă  partir de ces dispositifs expĂ©rimentaux ont mis en Ă©vidence les mĂ©canismes de rĂ©tention ou de relargage des ions mĂ©talliques dans les formations gĂ©ologiques de Port-au-Prince. Les rĂ©sultats en batch ont montrĂ© que la compĂ©tition entre deux ou plusieurs cations pour les mĂȘmes sites actifs du sol peut inhiber leur sorption individuellement. Les rĂ©sultats en colonne ont prouvĂ© le caractĂšre rĂ©actif du sol vis-Ă -vis des trois mĂ©taux, dont environ 99, 94 et 92 % respectivement de cadmium, de plomb et de cuivre ont Ă©tĂ© retenus dans la matrice solide. L Ă©tude des interactions entre les mĂ©taux et l Ă©chantillon de sol Ă  l aide du code PHREEQC ont montrĂ© qu une partie des mĂ©taux a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cipitĂ©e sous la forme de carbonates (cĂ©rusite et otavite) et d hydroxydes, et que le comportement physico-chimique des trois mĂ©taux dans le sol a Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement influencĂ© par l Ă©change ionique. Toutefois, les mĂ©taux retenus sont susceptibles d ĂȘtre relarguĂ©s et remobilisĂ©s sous l effet d un changement brusque des conditions acido-basiques du milieu poreux, reprĂ©sentant ainsi un risque de pollution pour les eaux souterraines.Direct infiltration of urban stormwater towards superficial formations in developing countries constitutes a contamination risk for both those formations and/or subjacent groundwater. This thesis was focused around this environmental issue in which we have studied the reactive transfer of three heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) towards a geological representative formation: fluviatile alluviums from Cul-de-sac plain at Port-au-Prince (Haiti). A model soil from the area study, with grain size <= 2 mm considered as the most reactive, have been used and subjected to metal ions solutions according two different experimental conditions : static (batch) and dynamic (column) experiments. Results from these experimental devices highlighted the retention or release mechanisms of these metal ions in the pedological medium of Port-au-Prince. Results from batch studies have showed that the competition between two or several cations for the same active sites in soils can inhibit their sorption individually. Results from columns proved the reactive character of the soil sample for the three metal ions, where approximately 99, 94 and 92% respectively for Cd, Pb and Cu have been retained on the soil. The study of the interactions between metals and the soil sample using PHREEQC code have showed metals precipitation in a carbonated (cerrusite and otavite) and hydroxides forms and the ion exchange was contributed to the physicochemical behavior of the three metals in the soil. However, these metals can be released or remobilized in the soil related to an abrupt change of the acido-basic conditions of the porous media, then representing a pollution risk for groundwater.VILLEURBANNE-DOC'INSA LYON (692662301) / SudocSudocFranceF
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