Mean-field analysis of the majority-vote model broken-ergodicity steady state

We study analytically a variant of the one-dimensional majority-vote model in which the individual retains its opinion in case there is a tie among the neighbors' opinions. The individuals are fixed in the sites of a ring of size $L$ and can interact with their nearest neighbors only. The interesting feature of this model is that it exhibits an infinity of spatially heterogeneous absorbing configurations for $L \to \infty$ whose statistical properties we probe analytically using a mean-field framework based on the decomposition of the $L$-site joint probability distribution into the $n$-contiguous-site joint distributions, the so-called $n$-site approximation. To describe the broken-ergodicity steady state of the model we solve analytically the mean-field dynamic equations for arbitrary time $t$ in the cases n=3 and 4. The asymptotic limit $t \to \infty$ reveals the mapping between the statistical properties of the random initial configurations and those of the final absorbing configurations. For the pair approximation ($n=2$) we derive that mapping using a trick that avoids solving the full dynamics. Most remarkably, we find that the predictions of the 4-site approximation reduce to those of the 3-site in the case of expectations involving three contiguous sites. In addition, those expectations fit the Monte Carlo data perfectly and so we conjecture that they are in fact the exact expectations for the one-dimensional majority-vote model

Graphene-based spin-pumping transistor

We demonstrate with a fully quantum-mechanical approach that graphene can function as gate-controllable transistors for pumped spin currents, i.e., a stream of angular momentum induced by the precession of adjacent magnetizations, which exists in the absence of net charge currents. Furthermore, we propose as a proof of concept how these spin currents can be modulated by an electrostatic gate. Because our proposal involves nano-sized systems that function with very high speeds and in the absence of any applied bias, it is potentially useful for the development of transistors capable of combining large processing speeds, enhanced integration and extremely low power consumption

Graphene as a non-magnetic spin-current lens

In spintronics, the ability to transport magnetic information often depends on the existence of a spin current traveling between two different magnetic objects acting as source and probe. A large fraction of this information never reaches the probe and is lost because the spin current tends to travel omni-directionally. We propose that a curved boundary between a gated and a non-gated region within graphene acts as an ideal lens for spin currents despite being entirely of non-magnetic nature. We show as a proof of concept that such lenses can be utilized to redirect the spin current that travels away from a source onto a focus region where a magnetic probe is located, saving a considerable fraction of the magnetic information that would be otherwise lost.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Dynamic RKKY interaction in graphene

The growing interest in carbon-based spintronics has stimulated a number of recent theoretical studies on the RKKY interaction in graphene, based on which the energetically favourable alignment between magnetic moments embedded in this material can be calculated. The general consensus is that the strength of the RKKY interaction in graphene decays as 1/D3 or faster, where D is the separation between magnetic moments. Such an unusually fast decay for a 2-dimensional system suggests that the RKKY interaction may be too short ranged to be experimentally observed in graphene. Here we show in a mathematically transparent form that a far more long ranged interaction arises when the magnetic moments are taken out of their equilibrium positions and set in motion. We not only show that this dynamic version of the RKKY interaction in graphene decays far more slowly but also propose how it can be observed with currently available experimental methods.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitte

Generalized Miura Transformations, Two-Boson KP Hierarchies and their Reduction to KDV Hierarchies

Bracket preserving gauge equivalence is established between several two-boson generated KP type of hierarchies. These KP hierarchies reduce under symplectic reduction (via Dirac constraints) to KdV, mKdV and Schwarzian KdV hierarchies. Under this reduction the gauge equivalence is taking form of the conventional Miura maps between the above KdV type of hierarchies.Comment: 12 pgs., LaTeX, IFT-P/011/93, UICHEP-TH/93-

Distribuição espacial da comunidade de insetos-praga em soja cultivada em sistema silviagrícola

A amostragem é uma etapa fundamental do manejo integrado de pragas, pois permiti avaliar quando as pragas atingem seus níveis de controle. Considerando que a integração de espécies vegetais pode influenciar na distribuição espacial dos insetos, objetivou-se avaliar se o método de caminhamento aleatório na cultura da soja em monocultivo pode ser utilizado em soja cultivada em sistemas silviagrícolas. Avaliou-se 12 parcelas de 2 ha cada contendo três ranks de três linhas de eucalipto (árvores com 2,5 anos) espaçados a cada 30m, sendo que nos espaços entre ranks foi cultivada a soja. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, avaliando-se três pontos (1m da cultura) por parcela pelo método do pano de batida. As coordenadas dos pontos de amostragem foram: i: rente à face sul dos ranks; ii. entre os ranks (aproximadamente 15m dos ranks) e, iii. rente à face norte dos ranks. Durante o cultivo da soja, a projeção da sombra do eucalipto estava na face sul. Observou-se que entre os lepidópteros, a presença de Anticarsia gemmatalis, espécies de Plusinae e de Spodoptera spp. foi significativamente maior entre os rankse Heliothinae não diferiu significativamente entre os pontos de amostragem. No entanto, ao avaliar a porcentagem de desfolha, não houve diferença significativa entre os locais. Ao avaliar a população de percevejos, constatou-se que Euschistus heros preferiu significativamente plantas localizadas na face sul dos ranks. Entretanto, Dichelops spp. preferiu significativamente plantas localizadas na face norte dos ranks. Portanto, tornar-se importante em sistemas silviagrícolas, a priorização de amostragens rentes as laterais dos ranks devido à diferença na distribuição espacial de espécies de percevejos em função da projeção da sombra proporcionada pelo componente florestal e por não haver diferença espacial significativa na desfolha provocada pelos lepidópteros