Guiding of charged particle beams in curved capillary-discharge waveguides

A new method able to transport charged particle beams along curved paths is presented. It is based on curved capillary-discharge waveguides in which the induced azimuthal magnetic field is used both to focus the beam and keep it close to the capillary axis. We show that such a solution is highly tunable, it allows to develop compact structures providing large deflecting angles and, unlike conventional solutions based on bending magnets, preserves the beam longitudinal phase space. The latter feature, in particular, is very promising when dealing with ultra-short bunches for which non-trivial manipulations on the longitudinal phase spaces are usually required when employing conventional devices

RESONANT MODES IN A 1.6 CELLS RF GUN

The SPARC photoinjector RF gun consists in the BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell structure designed to resonate at 2856 MHz in the π mode. It will be demonstrated by a numerical modelization based on SUPERFISH code combined with the LC-circuit analysis that the two oscillating modes of the system usually indicated as 0-mode and π-mode (the operating mode) are in reality a π/3-mode-like and a π-mode-like. The consequences on the definition of the coupling coefficient and on the use of mode-separation based RF measurements are described

Introduction to Particle Accelerators and their Limitations

The paper gives a short overview of the principles of particle accelerators, their historical development and the typical performance limitations. After an introduction to the basic concepts, the main emphasis is to sketch the layout of modern storage rings and their limitations in energy and machine performance. Examples of existing machines - among them clearly the LHC at CERN - demonstrate the basic principles and the technical and physical limits that we face today in the design and operation of these particle colliders. Pushing for ever higher beam energies motivates the design of the future collider studies and beyond that, the development of more efficient acceleration techniques.Comment: 26 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: High Gradient Wakefield Accelerators, 11-22 March 2019, Sesimbra, Portugal. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1705.0960

Beam loading assisted matching scheme for high quality plasma acceleration in linear regime

We propose and we numerically design a working point for beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration that allows us to preserve the witness quality. This working point is a new scheme where a low density driver generates a wakefield in linear regime and the witness transverse evolution is dominated by the beam loading effect. We derived optimal matching conditions to prevent the phase space degradation by means of a transverse envelope equation

Characterisation of beam driven ionisation injection in the blowout regime of Plasma Acceleration

Beam driven ionisation injection is characterised for a variety of high-Z dopant. We discuss the region of extraction and why the position where electrons are captured influences the final quality of the internally-injected bunch. The beam driven ionisation injection relies on the capability to produce a high gradient fields at the bubble closure, with magnitudes high enough to ionise by tunnelling effect the still bounded electrons (of a high-Z dopant). The ionised electrons are captured by the nonlinear plasma wave at the accelerating and focusing wake phase leading to high-brightness trailing bunches. The high transformer ratio guarantees that the ionisation only occurs at the bubble closure. The quality of the ionisation-injected trailing bunches strongly and non-linearly depends on the properties of the dopant gas (density and initial ionisation state). We use the full 3D PIC code ${\tt ALaDyn}$ to consider the highly three-dimensional nature of the effect. By means of a systematic approach we have investigated the emittance and energy spread formation and the evolution for different dopant gases and configurations

Optimization and beam dynamics of a superconducting radio-frequency gun

Recent advances in superconducting radio-frequency (RF) technology and a better understanding of RF photoinjector design optimization make it possible to propose a specific design for a superconducting RF gun that can simultaneously produce both ultra-high peak brightness and high average current. Such a device is a critical component of next generation X-ray sources, such as self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron lasers (SASE FEL) and energy recovery linac-based systems. The design presented in this paper is scaled from the present state-of-the-art normal conducting RF photoinjector that has been studied in the context of the linac coherent light source and SPARC SASE FEL injection schemes. Issues specific to the superconducing RF photoinjector, such as accelerating gradient limit, RF cavity and cryostat design, and compatibility with magnetic focusing and laser excitation of a photocathode are discussed

Initial electromagnetic and beam dynamics design of a Klystron amplifier for Ka-Band Accelerating Structures

In the framework of the Compact Light XLS project a compact third harmonic RF accelerating structure at 35.982 GHz with respect to the main Linac frequency 11.994 GHz, working with an ultra-high gradient accelerating field in order to linearize the longitudinal space phase is adopted. To this end an innovative high power Ka band klystron operating at about 35.982 GHz has to be designed for feeding the linearizer structure. In addition, we also are planning to design a Ka band klystron operating on the third harmonic of TM01 mode. The generation of a high density electron beam by using the Pierce type electron gun is also requested. The electron gun goal is to produce a converging high beam current that matches to a focusing magnetic field in such way to obtain about 100 MW beam power. This paper proposes a possible design of a electron gun to be used in millimetric waves vacuum tubes. We here report the preliminary studies of the electron gun and the related beam dynamic. Estimations have been obtained by using the numerical code CST and analytical approaches