Land sparing to make space for species dependent on natural habitats and high nature value farmland.

Empirical evidence from four continents indicates that human food demand may be best reconciled with biodiversity conservation through sparing natural habitats by boosting agricultural yields. This runs counter to the conservation paradigm of wildlife-friendly farming, which is influential in Europe, where many species are dependent on low-yielding high nature value farmland threatened by both intensification and abandonment. In the first multi-taxon population-level test of land-sparing theory in Europe, we quantified how population densities of 175 bird and sedge species varied with farm yield across 26 squares (each with an area of 1 km2) in eastern Poland. We discovered that, as in previous studies elsewhere, simple land sparing, with only natural habitats on spared land, markedly out-performed land sharing in its effect on region-wide projected population sizes. However, a novel 'three-compartment' land-sparing approach, in which about one-third of spared land is assigned to very low-yield agriculture and the remainder to natural habitats, resulted in least-reduced projected future populations for more species. Implementing the three-compartment model would require significant reorganization of current subsidy regimes, but would mean high-yield farming could release sufficient land for species dependent on both natural and high nature value farmland to persist.Supported by a NERC CASE studentship to C.F

Somatostatin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) is an abundant neuropeptide, which acts on five subtypes of somatostatin receptor (SST1-SST5; nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Somatostatin Receptors [89]). Activation of these receptors produces a wide range of physiological effects throughout the body including the inhibition of secretion of many hormones. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28). cortistatin-14 has also been suggested to be an endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors [56]

Somatostatin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) is an abundant neuropeptide, which acts on five subtypes of somatostatin receptor (SST1-SST5; nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Somatostatin Receptors [98]). Activation of these receptors produces a wide range of physiological effects throughout the body including the inhibition of secretion of many hormones. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28). cortistatin-14 has also been suggested to be an endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors [61]

History of state regulation of financial markets: Foreign practices and lessons for Ukraine

State regulation of financial markets is important for the country’s economic policy, and its historical assessment helps identify factors of success or failure and best global practices for application in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the history of state regulation of financial markets and to analyse the practices of forming the financial system of different countries. The main scientific methods used were analysis, abstraction, deduction, historical method, forecasting, comparison. During the study, the history of state regulation of financial markets of four countries was evaluated: the United States of America, Germany, China, and Hong Kong (as a separate administrative region of China) and Poland. It was shown that all of them have certain features in terms of their historical formation and three selected characteristics, namely the level of centralization, the openness of the financial system and the role of the state in it. Based on the analysed information, relevant conclusions were formed regarding what the control over the financial system in Ukraine should be. The level of corruption of state structures is one of the key aspects that must be considered when developing the country’s financial policy. Considering the elevated level of corruption in Ukraine, it is recommended to reduce the role of the state in regulating the financial system, implement its decentralization, and free access to the market. These measures will minimize corruption, establish competitive relations between institutions, and delegate responsibilities. This will contribute to the achievement of more effective regulation of the financial system in Ukraine, considering the needs of the country’s reconstruction after the end of the war. Given the geographical and historical proximity, the regulatory principles used in Poland can be a valuable experience for improving the Ukrainian system. The study brings new knowledge in terms of the theory of financial markets, and offers a more profound understanding of the specific features of the development of the economy of Ukrain