25 research outputs found

    Newcastle disease virus in poultry: Current and emerging perspectives

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    Depuis son apparition en 1926, la maladie de Newcastle (MN) a engendrĂ© des pertes Ă©conomiques considĂ©rables que ce soit au niveau des Ă©levages (mortalitĂ©, retard de croissance, chute de ponte,...), ou par le fait qu'elle constitue une entrave au commerce international (interdiction d'export des volailles et des produits avicoles). La maladie est un vĂ©ritable flĂ©au pour l'aviculture mondiale. Elle est endĂ©mique dans plusieurs pays du monde oĂč l'agriculture est la principale source du revenu national. C’est une infection virale due Ă  un Paramyxovirus aviaire de type1 communĂ©ment appelĂ©e le virus de la maladie de Newcastle (NDV). Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, le NDV a attirĂ© les virologues non seulement Ă  cause de son potentiel pathogĂšne, mais aussi pour son activitĂ© oncolytique et son utilisation comme vecteur vaccinal chez l'homme et les animaux. Actuellement, la comprĂ©hension de la biologie et la rĂ©plication du NDV s'Ă©largit rapidement en raison de la disponibilitĂ© d'outils modernes de biologie molĂ©culaire et sĂ©quençage Ă  haut dĂ©bit du gĂ©nome complet. Par ailleurs, le vaccin recombinant Ă  base de NDV offre un choix pertinent pour la construction de vaccin attĂ©nuĂ© en raison de sa nature modulaire de transcription, de la frĂ©quence minimale de recombinaison et en absence de phase d’ADN lors de la rĂ©plication. La vaccination modifiera l’épidĂ©miologie de la ND dans une certaine mesure car elle protĂšge contre la maladie mais pas contre l’infection, elle constitue ainsi le seul moyen efficace de contrĂŽler la MN, puisqu’il n’existe pas de traitement.  Mots clĂ©s : Maladie de Newcastle (ND), virus de la maladie de Newcastle (NDV), rĂ©plication, symptĂŽmes, vaccinationSince its appearance in 1926, Newcastle disease (MN) has caused significant economic losses, whether at the farm level (mortality, stunted growth, egg drop, etc.), or by the fact that it constitutes an obstacle to international trade (ban on the export of poultry and poultry products). The disease is a real scourge for global poultry farming. It is endemic in several countries of the world where agriculture is the main source of national income. It is a viral infection caused by a type 1 avian Paramyxovirus commonly known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Vaccination will change the epidemiology of ND to some extent because it protects against disease but not against infection, it is the only effective way to control ND, since there is no treatment. Keywords: Newcastle disease (ND), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), replication, pathogenicity, vaccinatio

    Retrospective study of farming systems and dominant pathologies of backyard chicken «beldi» in Morocco

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    Le prĂ©sent article relate les travaux rĂ©alisĂ©s sur l’aviculture traditionnelle ou fermiĂšre au Maroc, en abordant les multiples importances socio-Ă©conomiques, alimentaires, culturelles, et Ă©cologiques des systĂšmes de production de volaille Ă  petite Ă©chelle,  dans la lutte contre la pauvretĂ© et l’insĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des populations rurales vulnĂ©rables. AprĂšs avoir traitĂ© les caractĂ©ristiques phĂ©notypiques des populations de poulet existantes et leurs performances zootechniques, ce travail dĂ©crit les diffĂ©rents aspects du systĂšme d’élevage, identifie les principales contraintes qui freinent le dĂ©veloppement de cette activitĂ© et met un accent particulier sur les dominantes pathologiques du poulet beldi.  Mots-clĂ©s: Aviculture traditionnelle, poulet beldi, dominantes pathologiques, MarocThis article relates the works carried out on traditional poultry farming in Morocco, by addressing the multiple socioeconomic, food, cultural and ecological importance of poultry production systems, on a small scale in the fight against poverty and food insecurity among vulnerable rural populations. After having raised the phenotypic characteristics of the country chicken « beldi Â»population and their zootechnical performances, this work describes the different aspects of the farming system, identifies the main constraints which slow down the development of this activity and places particular emphasis on the dominant pathological aspects of the beldi chicken. Keywords: Traditional poultry farming, beldi chicken, dominant pathologies, Morocc

    Avian infectious laryngotracheitis: challenges and vaccination strategies

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    La laryngotrachĂ©ite infectieuse (LTI) est une maladie respiratoire aiguĂ« hautement contagieuse des poulets, des faisans et des paons. Le virus responsable a Ă©tĂ© isolĂ© aussi chez la pintade. Deux formes cliniques de la maladie sont dĂ©crites, Ă  savoir une forme lĂ©gĂšre incluant une conjonctivite, une sinusite, des yeux fermĂ©s, des Ă©coulements nasaux et une trachĂ©ite mucoĂŻde, alors que la forme sĂ©vĂšre est caractĂ©risĂ©e par le halĂštement, la toux, la dĂ©pression respiratoire, les Ă©coulements nasaux, la conjonctivite et les expectorations sanguinolentes. L’obstruction de la trachĂ©e par les filaments sanguinolents est une des lĂ©sions les plus frĂ©quentes. Les taux de morbiditĂ© et de mortalitĂ© de la maladie sont variables selon la virulence de la souche en circulation, la charge virale et les co-infections avec autres pathogĂšnes respiratoires. Depuis sa description en 1925 par (May & Tittsler 1925), la maladie a Ă©tĂ© signalĂ©e dans plusieurs pays du monde, spĂ©cifiquement au niveau des zones de production avicole intensive. Au Maroc, la LTI a Ă©tĂ© diagnostiquĂ©e pour la premiĂšre fois en 2003, d’oĂč l’introduction en 2004 et 2005 de deux types de vaccins pour lutter contre la maladie. Il s’agit respectivement de vaccins vivants attĂ©nuĂ©s d'origine embryonnaire de poulet (PDG) et des vaccins produits sur culture cellulaire (TCO). La vaccination a Ă©tĂ© autorisĂ©e seulement pour les poules reproductrices et pondeuses dans les zones affectĂ©es. En 2018, un vaccin LTI Ă  vecteur viral recombinant rFPV-LT a Ă©tĂ© introduit pour la premiĂšre fois au Maroc. Les principales caractĂ©ristiques de la LTI et sa pathogĂ©nicitĂ© ainsi que les stratĂ©gies de vaccination dĂ©ployĂ©es au Maroc et dans le monde sont passĂ©es en revue. Par ailleurs les avantages, les limites des diffĂ©rents types de vaccins de mĂȘme que le rĂŽle de la biosĂ©curitĂ© dans le contrĂŽle de la maladie ont Ă©tĂ© mis en exergue et discutĂ©s. Mots clefs: LaryngotrachĂ©ite, vaccination, PDG, TCO, rHVT-LT, rFPV-LTInfectious laryngotracheitis (ITL) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens, pheasants and peacocks. The responsible virus has also been isolated from guinea fowl. Two clinical forms of the disease are described: a mild form, including conjunctivitis, sinusitis, closed eyes, nasal discharge and mucoidtracheitis, while the severe form is characterized by panting, coughing, respiratory depression, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis and bloody expectorate. Trachea obstruction by bloody filaments is a very common lesion. The disease morbidity and mortality rates are variable depending on the virulence of the circulating strains, the viral load and co-infections with other respiratory pathogens. Since its description in 1925, the disease has been reported in several countries around the world, especially in areas of intensive poultry production. In Morocco, ITL was firstly diagnosed in 2003. Therefore, two types of vaccines were introduced in order to control the disease, namely live attenuated chicken embryonic vaccines (PDG) and vaccines produced in cell culture (TCO) in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Vaccination was only authorized for breeding and laying hens in the affected areas. At the end of 2018, a recombinant viral vector vaccine rFPV-LT was introduced for the first time in Morocco. In this study, the main characteristics of ITL and its pathogenicity as well as the vaccination strategies deployed in Morocco and elsewhere are reviewed. In addition, the advantages, the limits of the different types of vaccines as well as the role of biosecurity in the control of the disease were highlighted and discussed. Keywords: Laryngotracheitis, vaccination, PDG, TCO, rHVT-LT, rFPV-L

    Diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel entre la neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique et la maladie de Marek chez la poulette pondeuse: Revue bibliographique et suspicion d’un premier cas au Maroc

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    This study reports for the first time a suspicion of peripheral neuropathy clinically resembling Marek's disease in 3 field cases of laying hens in Morocco. Symptoms are summarized as a neurological syndrome in hens between 5 and 12 weeks of age and manifested by the position of the "wide gap" (one limb is carried forward while the other is carried backward) and a mortality rate that does not exceed 1%. Autopsy revealed thickening of the peripheral nerves and the absence of tumors on the other organs. Histological study of the nerve lesions revealed lymphoid infiltration with oedema and demyelination. Marek's disease was ruled out by real-time PCR as none of the tissues evaluated had a high load of Marek's disease virus DNA. Based on these results, peripheral neuropathy can be differentiated from Marek's disease. Indeed, the literature reports that the two diseases can be confused due to the clinical signs and lesions of thickening of the peripheral nerves. The clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy are observed as early as 5 weeks of age with type B infiltrating lesions (inflammatory) and the absence of visceral tumors, whereas those of Marek's disease only appear after 8-9 weeks of age with type A infiltrating lesions (tumors) and the presence of visceral tumors.  Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy, Marek's disease, differential diagnosis, real-time PCRCette Ă©tude rapporte pour la premiĂšre fois une suspicion de la neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique ressemblant cliniquement Ă  la maladie de Marek sur 3 cas de terrain de poules pondeuses au Maroc. Les symptĂŽmes se rĂ©sument Ă  un syndrome neurologique chez les poules de 5 Ă  12 semaines d’ñge et se manifestant par la position du « grand Ă©cart Â» (un membre se porte vers l’avant tandis que l’autre se porte vers l’arriĂšre) et un taux de mortalitĂ© de 1%. L’autopsie a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un Ă©paississement des nerfs pĂ©riphĂ©riques et l’absence de tumeurs sur les autres organes. L’étude histologique des lĂ©sions nerveuses a mis en Ă©vidence une infiltration lymphoĂŻde avec de l’ƓdĂšme et de la dĂ©myĂ©linisation. La maladie de Marek a Ă©tĂ© Ă©cartĂ©e par la PCR en temps rĂ©el dans la mesure oĂč aucun des tissus Ă©valuĂ©s ne prĂ©sentait une charge Ă©levĂ©e d’ADN du virus de la maladie de Marek. En ce basant sur ces rĂ©sultats, la neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique peut ĂȘtre diffĂ©renciĂ©e de la maladie de Marek. En effet, la littĂ©rature rapporte que les deux maladies peuvent ĂȘtre confondues de part les signes cliniques et les lĂ©sions d’épaississement des nerfs pĂ©riphĂ©riques. Les signes cliniques de la neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique sont observĂ©s dĂšs 5 semaines d’ñge avec des lĂ©sions d’infiltration de type B (inflammatoires) et l’absence de tumeurs viscĂ©rales, tandis que ceux de la maladie de Marek ne se manifestent qu’aprĂšs 8-9 semaines d’ñge avec des lĂ©sions d’infiltration de type A (tumorales) et prĂ©sence de tumeurs viscĂ©rales.  Mots clĂ©s: Neuropathie pĂ©riphĂ©rique, Maladie de Marek, diagnostic diffĂ©rentiel, PCR en temps rĂ©e

    Filogenetska i molekularna analiza gena hemaglutinina virusa ptičje gripe h9n2 izoliranih u jatima peradi u Maroku između 2016. i 2018. godine

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    Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype continue to spread in wild birds and poultry worldwide. Infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus was detected for the first time in Morocco in January 2016. In this study, a total of 105 organ and tracheal swab samples from 21 broiler farms in Morocco were collected from July 2016 to October 2018 for H9N2 screening. The suspicion of disease was based on severe respiratory signs such as sneezing, coughing, rales and gasping, while H9N2 virus infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of four isolates were amplified by conventional RT-PCR, sequenced, and aligned for phylogenetic analyses. Among the 21 flocks, 48% (10/21) were qRT-PCR positive for H9, with the cycle threshold values ranging from18.6 to 34.8. The maximum similarity in nucleotide and protein sequences (96-98%) was observed between the Moroccan viruses and an H9 virus isolated from broiler chickens in 2017 in Burkina Faso (A/chicken/BurkinaFaso/17RS93-19/2017) and from a layer chicken in the United Arab Emirates in 2015 (A/chicken/Dubai/D2506/2015). The HA genes revealed the close relationship between the four Moroccan viruses, with 97.9%-99.9% nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Moroccan viruses belonged to the G1 lineage, and likely originated from the Middle East, as previously reported in 2016.Virusi ptičje gripe H9N2 nastavljaju se ĆĄiriti u peradi i divljih ptica ĆĄirom svijeta. Infekcija niskopatogenim virusom influence H9N2 prvi je put otkrivena u Maroku u siječnju 2016. godine. U ovom je istraĆŸivanju za probir na H9N2 prikupljeno ukupno 105 organa i obrisaka iz duĆĄnika s 21 farme brojlera od srpnja 2016. do listopada 2018. iz različitih regija Maroka. Sumnja na bolest temeljila se na teĆĄkim respiracijskim znakovima kao ĆĄto su kihanje, kaĆĄljanje, hropanje i hripanje, a infekcija virusom H9N2 potvrđena je PCR-om obrnute transkripcije u stvarnom vremenu. Sekvencije gena za hemaglutinin (HA) od četiri izolata amplificirane su pomoću RT-PCR qRT-PCR poravnane za filogenetsku i analizu sličnosti aminokiselina. Od 21 uzorka jata 48 % (10/21) bilo je pozitivno na H9 s pragom broja ciklusa u rasponu od 18,6 do 34,8. Maksimalna sličnost u nukleotidnim i proteinskim sekvencijama (96 -98 %) uočena je između marokanskih virusa i virusa H9 izoliranih iz brojlerskih pilića u 2017. u Burkini Faso (A/piletina/BurkinaFaso/17RS93-19) i od kokoĆĄjeg pileta u Ujedinjenim Arapskim Emiratima u 2015. (A/piletina/ Dubai/D2506/2015). HA geni otkrili su blisku vezu između četiriju virusa, s 97,9 % -99,9 % nukleotidnog identiteta. Filogenetska analiza pokazala je da marokanski virusi pripadaju lozi G1 i vjerojatno potječu s Bliskog istoka, kao ĆĄto je objavljeno 2016. godine

    Highly virulent strains of the avian infectious bursal disease virus: Literature review and epidemiological situation

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    Cette revue se focalise sur le virus trĂšs virulent de la bursite infectieuse aviaire (vvIBDV). Ce virus est prĂ©sent dans le monde entier, causant des pertes Ă©conomiques considĂ©rables reprĂ©sentant une menace pour l'industrie de la volaille. L’émergence des formes aiguĂ«s de la maladie a radicalement changĂ© l’épidĂ©miologie de l’IBD. Bien que leur origine soit encore Ă  l’étude, les vvIBDV se sont rĂ©pandus dans le monde entier de maniĂšre explosive mais conservĂ©e. Cela pose la question de l’origine des vvIBDV, de la possibilitĂ© d’existence de rĂ©servoirs et de l'Ă©mergence possible de nouvelles lignĂ©es distinctes dans l’avenir. Il est devenu Ă©vident que les acides aminĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion hyper-variable de la protĂ©ine virale VP2 constitue une base molĂ©culaire de la variation antigĂ©nique, mais aucune mutation qui dĂ©termine la pathogĂ©nicitĂ© n’a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e. Ces marqueurs molĂ©culaires des souches vvIBDV doivent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s davantage comme une Ă©volution commune plutĂŽt que marqueurs de virulence. Le seul critĂšre valable pour la classification des souches d’IBDV en tant que «pathotype» doit faire rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  leur virulence clinique. Cet article prĂ©sente une synthĂšse des caractĂ©ristiques molĂ©culaires, phylogĂ©nĂ©tiques, Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, antigĂ©niques et pathotypiques des souches trĂšs virulentes du virus de la bursite infectieuse aviaire. Mots clĂ©s: Revue bibliographique, vvIBDV, molĂ©culaire, Ă©pidĂ©miologie, phylogĂ©nie, pathotypeThis review focuses on the very virulent viral avian infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). This virus was first described in the United States about 30 years ago, it quickly spread around the world, causing considerable economic losses; after three decades, it still poses a threat to the poultry industry. The emergence of acute forms of the disease has radically changed the epidemiology of IBD. Although their origin is still under study, vvIBDV has spread throughout the world in an explosive but conservative manner. This raises the question of the origin of vvIBDV, the possibility of existence of reservoirs and the possible emergence of new distinct lineages in the future. It has become clear that the amino acids in the hyper-variable region of the VP2 viral protein constitute a molecular basis for antigenic variation, but no mutation that determines pathogenicity has been identified. These molecular markers of the vvIBDV strains should be considered more as a common evolution than as markers of virulence. This article presents a synthesis of the molecular, phylogenetic, epidemiological, antigenic and pathotypic characteristics of the very virulent strains of IBDV. Keywords: Review, vvIBDV, molecular, phylogeny, epidemiology, pathotype

    Distribution épidémiologique du virus de la Bronchite infectieuse aviaire autour du monde

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    Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is ubiquitous in most parts of the world where poultry are reared. A large number of IBV variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. The purpose of this review is to give an update on IBV strains currently circulating in commercial chickens worldwide and present a clear picture of the relationship between many of these viruses. Keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus, Variant strains, Review, World.Le virus de bronchite infectieuse aviaire fait partie des virus aviaires majeurs rencontrĂ©s chez les poulets depuis les dĂ©buts de l’élevage industriel. On retrouve la maladie de bronchite infectieuse dans la plupart des pays producteurs de volailles au niveau mondial. MalgrĂ© l’utilisation de vaccins qui contribuent au contrĂŽle des signes cliniques, l’émergence de nouveaux virus sauvages variants conforte le fait que la bronchite infectieuse est une cible mouvante difficile Ă  maĂźtriser. Le prĂ©sent article est une mise Ă  jour des connaissances sur la distribution Ă©pidĂ©miologique et molĂ©culaire des variants de l’IBV dans les diffĂ©rents pays du monde. Mots clĂ©s: Virus de la bronchite infectieuse, Variants, Revue bibliographique, Monde.   &nbsp

    Zootechnical performance study and susceptibility to Avian Influenza virus H9N2 in a breed of crossbred chicken with intermediate growth

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    La viande de volaille constitue la protĂ©ine d’origine animale la plus consommĂ©e en raison de son prix abordable par rapport aux autres denrĂ©es animales. De ce fait, le secteur avicole connait constamment des progrĂšs amĂ©liorant la productivitĂ© et la qualitĂ© organoleptique des viandes de volaille.  Pour satisfaire aux enjeux de la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire et l’exigence des citoyens et consommateurs, le prĂ©sent travail consiste Ă  Ă©tudier et comparer les performances zootechniques ainsi que la sensibilitĂ© au virus H9N2 de poulet croisĂ© Ă  croissance intermĂ©diaire (I), par rapport Ă  deux races de poulets Ă  croissance rapide (R) et Ă  croissance lente (L). Les rĂ©sultats de l’étude ont montrĂ© des performances zootechniques de la race I Ă  croissance intermĂ©diaire similaire Ă  celles du poulet Ă  croissance rapide R. En effet, le lot tĂ©moin I a enregistrĂ© un GMH significativement Ă©levĂ© Ă  celui du lot tĂ©moin L. L’indice de consommation du lot R et I est 50% plus bas que celui du poulet L. Concernant l’infection expĂ©rimentale par le virus H9N2, le groupe de poulet I et R ont prĂ©sentĂ© les signes cliniques et les lĂ©sions macroscopiques les plus sĂ©vĂšres et accentuĂ©s par rapport aux poulets du lot L Ă  croissance lente. Mots clĂ©s : infection H9N2, croissance rapide, croissance intermĂ©diaire, performance zootechniquePoultry meat is the most widely consumed animal protein due to its low price compared to other animal products. However, the poultry sector is constantly experiencing progress improving the productivity and organoleptic quality of poultry meat. To responds the challenges of food security and the requirements of citizens and consumers, the present work consists to study the zootechnical performances as well as the sensitivity to the H9N2 virus of cross-breed chicken with intermediate growth (I), compared to two breeds fast growing (R) and slow growing (L) chickens. The results of the study showed zootechnical performances of race I with intermediate growth similar to those of fast growing chicken R. Indeed, the control group I recorded a GMH significantly elevated to that of the control group L. The index consumption of lot R and I is 50% lower than that of chicken L. Concerning the experimental infection with the H9N2 virus, the group of chicken I and R presented the most severe and accentuated clinical signs and gross lesions compared to chickens of the slow breed L. Keywords: infection, H9N2, rapid growth, intermediate growth, slow growth, zootechnical performanc

    Prévalence de la maladie de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire au Maroc entre Juin 2018 et Avril 2019

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    Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is mainly an upper respiratory tract infection caused by infectious bronchitisvirus (IBV) belonging to the Coronaviridae family. This work aims to assess the prevalence of IBV in different regions of Morocco using real-time RT-PCR, in order to better understand the epidemiological situation of the disease in these regions. Epidemiological analyses have shown that the IBV circulates with a high prevalence of 61% between 2018 and 2019, thus, the results obtained were valued and evaluated by a statistical study using the SPSS version 13 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). IB circulated with distinct prevalence’s in the different regions of Morocco, but this difference was not statistically significant. A peak of positivity was found in the BeniMellal-Khenifra, Draa-Tafilalet, and Souss-Massa regions. On the other hand, a very high vaccination rate against IB (90% of farms) in Morocco has been observed. Keywords: Avian infectious bronchitis, real-time RT-PCR, Prevalence, MoroccoLa bronchite infectieuse aviaire (BI) est principalement une infection des voies respiratoires supĂ©rieures causĂ©e par le virus de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire (IBV) appartenant Ă  la famille des Coronaviridae. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour objectif d’évaluer la prĂ©valence de l’IBVdans sept diffĂ©rentes rĂ©gions du Maroc en utilisant la RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el, afin de mieux connaitre la situation Ă©pidĂ©miologique de la maladie dans ces rĂ©gions. L’analyse Ă©pidĂ©miologique a montrĂ© que l’IBV a circulĂ© avec une forte prĂ©valence de 61% entre 2018 et 2019, ainsi, les rĂ©sultats obtenues ont Ă©tĂ© valorisĂ©es et Ă©valuĂ©es par une Ă©tude statistique via la version 13 du logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). L’infection Ă  l’IBV a circulĂ© avec des prĂ©valences distinctes dans les diffĂ©rentes rĂ©gions du Maroc, mais cette diffĂ©rence n’était pas statistiquement significative. Un pic de positivitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence dans les rĂ©gions BeniMellal-Khenifra, Draa-Tafilalet, et Souss-Massa. D’autre part, un taux de vaccination trĂšs Ă©levĂ© contre la BI (90% des Ă©levages) au Maroc a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©. Mots clĂ©s: Bronchite infectieuse aviaire, RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el, PrĂ©valence, Maro

    Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Abound in the Cattle Population of the Rabat-Sale Kenitra Region, Morocco

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    18 Pág. Departamento de Reproducción Animal​ (INIA)Tick-borne pathogens cause the majority of diseases in the cattle population in Morocco. In this study, ticks were collected from cattle in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region of Morocco and identified morphologically, while tick-borne pathogens were detected in cattle blood samples via polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing. A total of 3394 adult ixodid ticks were collected from cattle and identified as eight different tick species representing two genera, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The collected ticks consisted of Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Rhipicephalus bursa, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, and Hyalomma impeltatum. The overall prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in blood samples was 63.8%, with 29.3% positive for Babesia/Theileria spp., 51.2% for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., and none of the samples positive for Rickettsia spp. Sequencing results revealed the presence of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria buffeli, Theileria orientalis, Babesia occultans, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma capra, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma bovis, Ehrlichia minasensis, and one isolate of an unknown bovine Anaplasma sp. Crossbreeds, females, older age, and high tick infestation were the most important risk factors for the abundance of tick-borne pathogens, which occurred most frequently in Jorf El Melha, Sidi Yahya Zaer, Ait Ichou, and Arbaoua locations.The research was supported by the Flemish Interuniversity Council-University Development Cooperation and Directorate GeneraPeer reviewe
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