2,840 research outputs found
Self-consistent fragmented excited states of trapped condensates
Self-consistent excited states of condensates are solutions of the
Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation and have been amply discussed in the literature
and related to experiments. By introducing a more general mean-field which
includes the GP one as a special case, we find a new class of self-consistent
excited states. In these states macroscopic numbers of bosons reside in
different one-particle functions, i.e., the states are fragmented. Still, a
single chemical potential is associated with the condensate. A numerical
example is presented, illustrating that the energies of the new, fragmented,
states are much lower than those of the GP excited states, and that they are
stable to variations of the particle number and shape of the trap potential.Comment: (11 pages 2 figures, submitted to PRL
Rotation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with and without a quantized vortex
We theoretically examine the rotation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate
in an elliptical trap, both in the absence and presence of a quantized vortex.
Two methods of introducing the rotating potential are considered -
adiabatically increasing the rotation frequency at fixed ellipticity, and
adiabatically increasing the trap ellipticity at fixed rotation frequency.
Extensive simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are employed to map out
the points where the condensate becomes unstable and ultimately forms a vortex
lattice. We highlight the key features of having a quantized vortex in the
initial condensate. In particular, we find that the presence of the vortex
causes the instabilities to shift to lower or higher rotation frequencies,
depending on the direction of the vortex relative to the trap rotation.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Fractional time random walk subdiffusion and anomalous transport with finite mean residence times: faster, not slower
Continuous time random walk (CTRW) subdiffusion along with the associated
fractional Fokker-Planck equation (FFPE) is traditionally based on the premise
of random clock with divergent mean period. This work considers an alternative
CTRW and FFPE description which is featured by finite mean residence times
(MRTs) in any spatial domain of finite size. Transient subdiffusive transport
can occur on a very large time scale which can greatly exceed mean
residence time in any trap, , and even not being related to
it. Asymptotically, on a macroscale transport becomes normal for .
However, mesoscopic transport is anomalous. Differently from viscoelastic
subdiffusion no long-range anti-correlations among position increments are
required. Moreover, our study makes it obvious that the transient subdiffusion
and transport are faster than one expects from their normal asymptotic limit on
a macroscale. This observation has profound implications for anomalous
mesoscopic transport processes in biological cells because of macroscopic
viscosity of cytoplasm is finite
Stretched exponentials and power laws in granular avalanching
We introduce a model for granular avalanching which exhibits both stretched exponential and power law avalanching over its parameter range. Two modes of transport are incorporated, a rolling layer consisting of individual particles and the overdamped, sliding motion of particle clusters. The crossover in behaviour observed in experiments on piles of rice is attributed to a change in the dominant mode of transport. We predict that power law avalanching will be observed whenever surface flow is dominated by clustered motion.
Comment: 8 pages, more concise and some points clarified
Scale-free network topology and multifractality in weighted planar stochastic lattice
We propose a weighted planar stochastic lattice (WPSL) formed by the random
sequential partition of a plane into contiguous and non-overlapping blocks and
find that it evolves following several non-trivial conservation laws, namely
is independent of time , where
and are the length and width of the th block. Its dual on the
other hand, obtained by replacing each block with a node at its center and
common border between blocks with an edge joining the two vertices, emerges as
a network with a power-law degree distribution where
revealing scale-free coordination number disorder since
also describes the fraction of blocks having neighbours. To quantify the
size disorder, we show that if the th block is populated with then its distribution in the WPSL exhibits multifractality.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, To appear in New Journal of Physics (NJP
Weakly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates Under Rotation: Mean-field versus Exact Solutions
We consider a weakly-interacting, harmonically-trapped Bose-Einstein
condensed gas under rotation and investigate the connection between the
energies obtained from mean-field calculations and from exact diagonalizations
in a subspace of degenerate states. From the latter we derive an approximation
scheme valid in the thermodynamic limit of many particles. Mean-field results
are shown to emerge as the correct leading-order approximation to exact
calculations in the same subspace.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, submitted to PR
A high-efficiency spin-resolved phototemission spectrometer combining time-of-flight spectroscopy with exchange-scattering polarimetry
We describe a spin-resolved electron spectrometer capable of uniquely
efficient and high energy resolution measurements. Spin analysis is obtained
through polarimetry based on low-energy exchange scattering from a
ferromagnetic thin-film target. This approach can achieve a similar analyzing
power (Sherman function) as state-of-the-art Mott scattering polarimeters, but
with as much as 100 times improved efficiency due to increased reflectivity.
Performance is further enhanced by integrating the polarimeter into a
time-of-flight (TOF) based energy analysis scheme with a precise and flexible
electrostatic lens system. The parallel acquisition of a range of electron
kinetic energies afforded by the TOF approach results in an order of magnitude
(or more) increase in efficiency compared to hemispherical analyzers. The lens
system additionally features a 90{\deg} bandpass filter, which by removing
unwanted parts of the photoelectron distribution allows the TOF technique to be
performed at low electron drift energy and high energy resolution within a wide
range of experimental parameters. The spectrometer is ideally suited for
high-resolution spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
(spin-ARPES), and initial results are shown. The TOF approach makes the
spectrometer especially ideal for time-resolved spin-ARPES experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
Volatility of Linear and Nonlinear Time Series
Previous studies indicate that nonlinear properties of Gaussian time series
with long-range correlations, , can be detected and quantified by studying
the correlations in the magnitude series , i.e., the ``volatility''.
However, the origin for this empirical observation still remains unclear, and
the exact relation between the correlations in and the correlations in
is still unknown. Here we find analytical relations between the scaling
exponent of linear series and its magnitude series . Moreover, we
find that nonlinear time series exhibit stronger (or the same) correlations in
the magnitude time series compared to linear time series with the same
two-point correlations. Based on these results we propose a simple model that
generates multifractal time series by explicitly inserting long range
correlations in the magnitude series; the nonlinear multifractal time series is
generated by multiplying a long-range correlated time series (that represents
the magnitude series) with uncorrelated time series [that represents the sign
series ]. Our results of magnitude series correlations may help to
identify linear and nonlinear processes in experimental records.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Multiband Probabilistic Cataloging: A Joint Fitting Approach to Point Source Detection and Deblending
Probabilistic cataloging (PCAT) outperforms traditional cataloging methods on single-band optical data in crowded fields. We extend our work to multiple bands, achieving greater sensitivity (~0.4 mag) and greater speed (500×) compared to previous single-band results. We demonstrate the effectiveness of multiband PCAT on mock data, in terms of both recovering accurate posteriors in the catalog space and directly deblending sources. When applied to Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) observations of M2, taking Hubble Space Telescope data as truth, our joint fit on r- and i-band data goes ~0.4 mag deeper than single-band probabilistic cataloging and has a false discovery rate less than 20% for F606W ≤ 20. Compared to DAOPHOT, the two-band SDSS catalog fit goes nearly 1.5 mag deeper using the same data and maintains a lower false discovery rate down to F606W ~ 20.5. Given recent improvements in computational speed, multiband PCAT shows promise in application to large-scale surveys and is a plausible framework for joint analysis of multi-instrument observational data. https://github.com/RichardFeder/multiband_pcat
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