Lingual juvenile xanthogranuloma in a woman: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that usually occurs during infancy and early childhood. The presence of single or multiple raised cutaneous lesions characterize this self-healing disorder. Extracutaneous sites are rare.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a rare case of oral juvenile xanthogranuloma in a 49-year-old Caucasian woman. The histopathologic diagnosis of the lingual neoformation was histiocitary proliferation with the presence of giant cells, Touton type, compatible with juvenile xanthogranuloma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To establish an accurate diagnosis, microscopic evaluation and immunohistochemical staining are necessary. Dentists, dermatologists and general practitioners may be the first to recognize this rare condition during the inspection of the oral cavity.</p

Avaliação Subjetiva da Condição do Pavimento Flexível de Subtrechos de uma via da Cidade de Barreiras-Ba

The study of the surface quality of the pavement is of fundamental importance, since it allows determining the state in which it is located and allows better use of the available resources. In addition to allowing the recognition of sections of the road that require improvements and that must be prioritized. This research aims to subjectively analyze the surface condition of flexible pavement using the current service value (VSA) method, with the help of a visual scale built based on the proposal of Oliveira et al. (2013). The VSA analysis on Rua Capitão Manoel Miranda, located in the center of Barreiras, was carried out considering two different times of the day, with the aim of observing how different temperature and humidity conditions interfere with the comfort and smoothness of the trip offered to the users. The road was divided into four subsections of 600 meters each, totaling 2.4 kilometers. The surface of the road under study was classified as “good” after analyzing photographs using the visual scale and “fair” through the VSA evaluation. Once the final VSA (2.54) determined for the track was close to the accepted limit, it indicates the need to perform corrective maintenance and, subsequently, periodic preventive maintenance.El estudio de la calidad superficial del pavimento es de fundamental importancia, ya que permite determinar el estado en el que se encuentra el mismo y permite un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos disponibles. Además de permitir el reconocimiento de tramos de la vía que requieren mejoras y que se deben priorizar. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar subjetivamente el estado superficial del pavimento flexible utilizando el método del valor de servicio actual (VSA), con la ayuda de una escala visual construida con base en la propuesta de Oliveira et al. (2013). El análisis VSA en la Rua Capitão Manoel Miranda, ubicada en el centro de Barreiras, se realizó considerando dos momentos diferentes del día, con el objetivo de observar cómo las diferentes condiciones de temperatura y humedad interfieren en el confort y la suavidad del viaje ofrecido a los usuarios. La vía se dividió en cuatro subtramos de 600 metros cada uno, totalizando 2,4 kilómetros. La superficie de la vía en estudio fue clasificada como “buena” tras el análisis de fotografías mediante la escala visual y “regular” mediante la evaluación de VSA. Una vez que el VSA final (2.54) determinado para la vía estuvo cerca del límite de aceptado, indica la necesidad de realizar un mantenimiento correctivo y, posteriormente, un mantenimiento preventivo periódico.Estudar a qualidade superficial do pavimento é de fundamental importância, tendo em vista que possibilita a constatação da condição em que se encontra e proporciona um melhor aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis. Além de permitir o reconhecimento de seções que necessitam de melhorias e que devem ser priorizadas. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar subjetivamente a condição superficial do pavimento flexível através do método de valor de serventia atual (VSA), com auxílio de escala visual montada com base na proposta por Oliveira et. al (2013). A análise por VSA na Rua Capitão Manoel Miranda, localizada no centro de Barreiras foi realizada considerando dois horários distintos do dia, com o intuito de observar como condições diferentes de temperatura e umidade, interferem no conforto e suavidade de rolamento oferecida aos usuários. A via foi dividida em quatro subtrechos de 600 metros cada um, totalizando 2,4 km de via. A superfície de rolamento da via em estudo foi classificada como “boa” após análise de fotografias por escala visual e “regular” através da avaliação por VSA. Uma vez que o VSA final (2,54) determinado para a via ficou próximo do limite de aceitabilidade, verificou-se a necessidade de realizar manutenção do tipo corretiva e, posteriormente manutenções preventivas periódicas

Prediction of two month modified Rankin Scale with an ordinal prediction model in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Background. Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating event with a frequently disabling outcome. Our aim was to develop a prognostic model to predict an ordinal clinical outcome at two months in patients with aSAH. Methods. We studied patients enrolled in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT), a randomized multicentre trial to compare coiling and clipping in aSAH patients. Several models were explored to estimate a patient's outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at two months after aSAH. Our final model was validated internally with bootstrapping techniques. Results. The study population comprised of 2,128 patients of whom 159 patients died within 2 months (8%). Multivariable proportional odds analysis identified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade as the most important predictor, followed by age, sex, lumen size of the aneurysm, Fisher grade, vasospasm on angiography, and treatment modality. The model discriminated moderately between those with poor and good mRS scores (c statistic = 0.65), with minor optimism according to bootstrap re-sampling (optimism corrected c statistic = 0.64). Conclusion. We presented a calibrated and internally validated ordinal prognostic model to predict two month mRS in aSAH patients who survived the early stage up till a treatment decision.

A comparison of methods to adjust for continuous covariates in the analysis of randomised trials

BACKGROUND: Although covariate adjustment in the analysis of randomised trials can be beneficial, adjustment for continuous covariates is complicated by the fact that the association between covariate and outcome must be specified. Misspecification of this association can lead to reduced power, and potentially incorrect conclusions regarding treatment efficacy. METHODS: We compared several methods of adjustment to determine which is best when the association between covariate and outcome is unknown. We assessed (a) dichotomisation or categorisation; (b) assuming a linear association with outcome; (c) using fractional polynomials with one (FP1) or two (FP2) polynomial terms; and (d) using restricted cubic splines with 3 or 5 knots. We evaluated each method using simulation and through a re-analysis of trial datasets. RESULTS: Methods which kept covariates as continuous typically had higher power than methods which used categorisation. Dichotomisation, categorisation, and assuming a linear association all led to large reductions in power when the true association was non-linear. FP2 models and restricted cubic splines with 3 or 5 knots performed best overall. CONCLUSIONS: For the analysis of randomised trials we recommend (1) adjusting for continuous covariates even if their association with outcome is unknown; (2) keeping covariates as continuous; and (3) using fractional polynomials with two polynomial terms or restricted cubic splines with 3 to 5 knots when a linear association is in doubt

Civic Participation and Other Interventions That Promote Children\u2019s Tolerance of Migrants

In this chapter, we begin by providing a definition of \u2018tolerance\u2019, illustrating the wide range of attributes associated with the concept in the literature. Second, we identify some key paths through which tolerance can develop at different stages of an individual\u2019s development. Through a literature review, we will track some of the factors that can increase tolerance toward migrants during early and late stages development. Finally, we will conclude by presenting an overview of methodological approaches that practitioners have at their disposal to promote tolerance toward migrants

Female reproductive tract infections: understandings and care seeking behaviour among women of reproductive age in Lagos, Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Reproductive tract infections (RTI's) are endemic in developing countries and entail a heavy toll on women. If untreated, RTI's can lead to adverse health outcomes such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. It is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. While RTI's and its sequelae abound in Nigeria, there is paucity of publications on the subject in the country. This study assessed the understandings and care seeking behavior with regards to RTI's among women of reproductive age in Lagos, Nigeria with the aim of improving awareness on the subject.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A descriptive cross sectional survey of women attending the gynaecological outpatient and family planning clinics of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital was carried out between 1^stJune 2008 and 31^stAugust 2008 using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analysed using the Epi-Info 3.5 statistical software of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta U.S.A.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most of the respondents (77.2%) had heard of RTI's. Toilet was the most perceived mode of contracting RTI's (44.6%), followed by sexual intercourse and poor hygiene. Vaginal discharge was the commonest symptom of RTI's named while inability to get pregnant was the commonest named complication. Majority of the respondent's demonstrated poor overall knowledge of symptoms and complications of RTI"s. 37.4% of the respondents had experienced symptoms of RTI's in the preceding six months. Vaginal discharge was the commonest symptom reported (21.8%) and the majority of those who reported symptoms sought medical treatment. Government health centres were the most visited health facilities for treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even though most of the respondents have heard of RTI's and sought treatment when symptomatic, they demonstrated poor overall understanding of the subject. There is need to educate women on preventive strategies, as RTI's are often assymptomatic.</p

Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals

The control of one light field by another, ultimately at the single photon level, is a challenging task which has numerous interesting applications within nonlinear optics and quantum information science. Due to the extremely weak direct interactions between optical photons in vacuum, this type of control can in practice only be achieved through highly nonlinear interactions within a medium. Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) constitutes one such means to obtain the extremely strong nonlinear coupling needed to facilitate interactions between two faint light fields. Here, we demonstrate for the first time EIT as well as all-optical EIT-based light switching using ion Coulomb crystals situated in an optical cavity. Unprecedented narrow cavity EIT feature widths down to a few kHz and a change from essentially full transmission to full absorption of the probe field within a window of only ~100 kHz are achieved. By applying a weak switching field, we furthermore demonstrate nearly perfect switching of the transmission of the probe field. These results represent important milestones for future realizations of quantum information processing devices, such as high-efficiency quantum memories, single-photon transistors and single-photon gates

Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 to 4.8 fb-1. Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged muon or τ lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, φ, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters mA and tan β in the mhmax scenario for mA in the range of 90GeV to 500 GeV. Copyright CERN