Étude physico-chimique des cendres de quelques végétaux du Benin utilisées dans la fabrication du savon «ACOTO»

Elaeis guineensis, Grossypium arborium, Anogeissus leiocarpus et Acacia sieberiana sont des matériaux végétaux dont incinérées, certaines parties sont utilisées dans la préparation du savon artisanal «ACOTO» au Bénin. Notre travail a pour objectif de déterminer la durée optimale de conservation du substrat de cendres de ces matériaux végétaux utilisés pour l’obtention d’une meilleure qualité de savon puis de faire une caractérisation physico-chimique des cendres de ces matériaux végétaux. Les analyses physico-chimiques ont montré que tous les substrats de cendres issues de ces matériaux végétaux sont alcalins (7,35< pH <10,02) et contiennent pour la plupart une concentration élevée en K+, ce qui confirme leur alcalinité. Les analyses révèlent également que la durée optimale de conservation de tous les substrats sauf ceux de la cendre des tiges de Acacia sieberiana et de la cendre du tronc de Elaeis guineensis est environ d’une (1) heure avant la préparation du savon.Mots clés: Savon «ACOTO», Elaeis guineensis, Grossypium arborium, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Acacia sieberiana, Béni

PRIN: Chapter 2: The Principles

Principles for Business section of the FCA Handboo

Corporate governance attributes and financial reporting quality in Nigeria

This study evaluated the effect of corporate governance attributes on financial reporting quality of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this study was the ex-post facto research design because the data used were already in existence and therefore the researcher had no control over the data set of the study.  The source of the data was therefore secondary sources taken from audited annual reports and accounts of the related listed manufacturing firms as listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book (2021).  Using the non-probability sampling filtering technique, the study used a sample of forty-two (42) manufacturing firms listed on the NSE fact Book 2021.  These listed manufacturing firms included selections from: four (4) - agriculture; sixteen (16) - consumer goods; seven (7) - industrial goods; six – (6) - healthcare; four (4) - natural resources and five (5) - conglomerates.  Data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of these companies and were analyzed with the aid of Panel Regression using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel.  From the Hierarchical Regression results, the variables of board size (Coef. = 6.2313; t = 2.88 and P-value = 0.004) and ownership concentration (Coef. = 70.2144; t = 2.22 and P-value = 0.027) have significant positive effects on timeliness of financial reporting of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2012 to 2021. These results are in line with prior expectations but are inconsistent with the stated null hypotheses, hence the null hypotheses which states that board size and ownership concentration have no significant effects on timeliness of financial reporting of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period under study are rejected.  It implies that an increase in the number of board size and ownership concentration will improve the financial reporting timeliness of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period under study.  The variables of board gender diversity (Coef. = .04463; t = 0.11 and P-value = 0.912) and board diligence (Coef. = -2.0632; t = -0.47 and P-value = 0.638) have no significant effects on timeliness of financial reporting of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2012 to 2021. These results are not in line with prior expectations but are consistent with the stated null hypotheses, hence the null hypotheses which states that board gender diversity and board diligence have no significant effects on timeliness of financial reporting of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period under study are retained.  It also implies that an increase in the number of female members on the board and an increase in the number of board meetings will have no effect on the financial reporting timeliness of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria during the period under study.  The manufacturing sector is extremely crucial for a developing country such as Nigeria since they promote the enlargement and expansion of Nigeria’s economic growth.  It is therefore recommended that the number of directors on the board should be between seven (7) or eight (8) board members in order to foster faster communication, coordination and ultimately timeliness of financial reporting among listed manufacturing firms in Nigerian

JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A Fined for Serious Failings

JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A. Fined ‚¬137,610,000 for Serious Failings Relating to its Chief Investment Office\u27s London Whale Trade