High Speed Data Exchange Algorithm in Telemedicine with Wavelet based on 4D Medical Image Compression

Existing Medical imaging techniques such as fMRI, positron emission tomography (PET), dynamic 3D ultrasound and dynamic computerized tomography yield large amounts of four-dimensional sets. 4D medical data sets are the series of volumetric images netted in time, large in size and demand a great of assets for storage and transmission. Here, in this paper, we present a method wherein 3D image is taken and Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) and Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform(DTCWT) techniques are applied separately on it and the image is split into sub-bands. The encoding and decoding are done using 3D-SPIHT, at different bit per pixels(bpp). The reconstructed image is synthesized using Inverse DWT technique. The quality of the compressed image has been evaluated using some factors such as Mean Square Error(MSE) and Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)

The Role of Student Expectation and Service Quality in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

A sharp increase in tuition fee and the demand for efficient university graduates for employment from the employers’ perspective has given rise to an increase in students’ expectations. In private sector, students of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have greater expectations as they pay more money but the private sector HEIs do not have the required capabilities to meet such expectations. There are a lot of students who feel that the courses they are studying have no significant value against the money which they are paying to study these courses. The management of HEIs allocates more funds for research activities, updating libraries, innovative teaching methodologies, science laboratories and academic career services. Various studies showed how to gauge service quality in the specific area of higher education. The current study focuses specifically on first year/semester students of all academic disciplines of private sector HEIs. It is based on a questionnaire, and 162 responses were collected; data collection tool, that is, the questionnaire was administered personally by the researcher. By using Exploratory Factor Analysis, those dimensions of service quality were elaborated which had a considerable impact on students’ expectations and also the factors that influence students’ choice or priority to get enrolled in private sector universities. Reliability analysis of the 5 dimensions of service quality including reliability, tangibility, responsiveness, assurance and empathy depicted the value of Cronbach’s alpha to 0.980. Factor Analysis of the five dimensions of service quality was also done .Loadings after Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization (KMO) by considering the values of loadings suppressed to 0.50 shows that 43 out of 48 items converged into 7 factors, while 5 items did not converge. The non-convergent items recommend the management of HEIs to focus on such areas of students’ expectations.&nbsp

Impact of Covid-19 On Sustainable Development Goals of Pakistan

 Humanity is threatened by COVID-19 since 2019 with severe impact on human economic, social and environmental activities. The spread of pandemic is responsible for creating uncertainty and challenges for developing countries like Pakistan to achieve united nations sustainable development goals. It has a severe impact on every sector of country like tourism, trade, production, health and supply. This study focuses on exploring the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable goals of Pakistan and strategies adopted to cope with this pandemic. SDGs provides guidelines, targets and implementation and financing strategies globally. By having systematic review of already published research articles from various databases were helpful in formulating recommendations to combat the impact of COVID-19 on attaining sustainable development goals. On the basis of available literature and systematic review it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally economically, socio economically emotionally and had severe impact on achieving sustainable development goals. Factors that create hurdles in achieving sustainable development goals in Pakistan are decline in international trade, decrease in remittances inflow, termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports and foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact. This study would be an initiative for future sustainable progress in Pakistan and helpful for developing and implementing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of COVID-19 that delays the attainment of sustainable development goals in Pakistan

HYBRID SYSTEM OF SIMPLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING AND NEURAL NETWORK FOR KSE100 INDEX

This study deals with application of Hybrid forecasting systems to formulate simple exponential smoothing model for KSE 100 index daily share price data. We used 7 days ahead forecasts for daily share price of KSE100 index data. This study is divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study we compared ANN model with SES and found that ANN model gives better forecasting performance then SES model. In the second phase of the study we developed a hybrid system of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) models represented as ANN SES for KSE100 index daily share price data. Empirical results support our proposed hybrid system (ANN SES)

Economic Impact of Covid-19 And Revival Measures: Way Forward for South Asian Countries

 COVID-19 has been declared and proven as a source of continuing global economic loss and world shattering over the last 100 years. This dilemma has encouraged global economy to run slow when international flights were shutdown, universities were closed, complete lockdown, ban on tourism and so on. This study aims at investigating economic perspective of Covid-19 on south Asian countries and revival measures adopted by them. Data was collected from already published research articles from various databases. By having a systematic review of latest related articles available online it is concluded that Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected nations globally. Factors responsible for such severe economic crisis are termination of daily wages jobs, labor immobility in lockdown, decline in production level, supply chain discontinuation, decline in exports, foreign direct investment, projects etc. Several measures were also suggested in light of literature to mitigate the economic impact. Implication of this study is useful in developing strategies and policies so as to combat the severe intensity of economic crisis on South Asian economies

Impact of Changes in Reserve Requirement on Banks Profitability: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan

This study examines the relationship between Reserve Requirement Ratio and Banks Profitability in Pakistan. It emphasizes on the effect of changes in CRR on commercial banking profitability and how it affects the ROE and ROA. The data collected for the research was secondary and quantitative time series data for the ten year period 2005-2014. Using correlation analysis followed by Linear Regression carries the empirical analysis of the study. The finding of study reveal that CRR taken as measure for Reserve Requirement has significant inverse relationship on banks’ financial performance, which is measured by ROA and ROE. Keywords: Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE)

Impact of Corporate Governance Exerted by Board of Directors on Performance of Commercial Banks of Pakistan (Study Carried out on Prominent Commercial Banks of Rawalpindi)

The corporate governance mechanisms in Pakistan are in most instances thought to be less important to achieve good organizational performance. By enduring the good corporate governance exerted by BODs, organizations may increase the circumstances where management can convince the employees particularly and shareholders generally to obtain long term organizational gains. We used five point likert scale questionnaire to measure the corporate governance in banking sector of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This empirical study suggests that the corporate governance by board of directors has widespread role in organizational performance. The results suggest that independence and accountability have significant effect on organizational performance. However, effect of independence is higher than accountability. Moreover, our study shows that transparency do not effect on organizational success significantly. Keywords: corporate governance, transparency, independence, accountability, board of directors and organizational performance

Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activity for a series of N-phthaloylglycine derivatives

Two series of N-phthaloylglycine derivatives were synthesized under Schotten-Baumann conditions. The first series consists of N-phthaloylglycine amides (4a-h), and the second one consists of benzimidazole derivatives of N-phthaloylglycine (6a-d). All the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by using disc diffusion method. In the first series, compounds 4h (MIC, 0.5 mg/L), 4a (MIC, 0.6 mg/L), and 4e (MIC, 0.7 mg/L) were found to be the most potent against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Furthermore, three compounds i.e. 4g (MIC, 0.8 mg/L), 6b (MIC, 1.5 mg/L), and 4h (MIC, 1.6 mg/L) displayed good activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All the synthesized compounds exhibited a wide range of antibacterial activity against all of the Staphylococcus aureus resistant strains tested. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS (EI)