14 research outputs found
Repetibilidade e número mínimo de medições para caracteres de cacho de bacabi (Oenocarpus mapora)
Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora
Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution
Pisco Bagasse As A Potential Source Of Bioactive Compounds - A Review
Pisco is a traditional beverage from Peru (South America) produced by the fermentation of pisco grapes. This article discusses the by-products of pisco production as a potential source of bioactive compounds; until now, pisco bagasse has had no industrial application. There is a knowledge gap that is the result of the lack of qualitative and quantitative information in the literature about the by-product of pisco production. Thus, we focus on the benefits that may be obtained with pisco by-product recovery, utilizing a literature review - including articles and patents - of the by-product generated in the production of wine and of the differences between the pisco and wine processes. This article analyzes the chemical composition, the biological activity and the major uses of pisco by-product, in addition to the applications for and biological activity of the extracts obtained through different extraction methods. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.714150(2012), http://apps.who.int/ghodata/?vid=10012, World Health Organization [Online]. 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Food Composition Anal, 19, pp. 41-48. , FebruarySagdic, O., Ozturka, I., Ozkanb, G., Yetima, H., Ekicia, L., Yilmazc, M.T., RP-HPLC-DAD analysis of phenolic compounds in pomace extracts from five grape cultivars: Evaluation of their antioxidant, antiradical and antifungal activities in orange and apple juices (2011) Food Chem, 126, pp. 1749-1758. , JuneBernardo-Gil, M.G., Ribeiro, M.A., Esquível, M.M., Produção de extractos para a indústria alimentar: Uso de fluidos supercríticos (2002) Boletim De Biotecnologia, 73, pp. 14-21Casazza, A.A., Aliakbariana, B., Mantegnab, G., Cravottob, S., Perego, P., Extraction of phenolics from Vitis vinifera wastes using non-conventional techniques (2010) J. 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Martínez, Ed., ed Boca Raton: CRC Press-Taylor and Francis GroupEckert, P., Heinen, W., Knaudt, C., (2002) Cleaning and Cold-pressing of Grapeseed to Give Products of High Cyclic Polyphenol Content For Use In Foods, Fodders, Medicaments and Cosmetics, , E.P. Patent WO Patent 200110987AEP 1190024-AWO Patent 200110987A1DE Patent 19936492-A1AU Patent 200069905-ADE Patent 10015006-A1EP1190024-A1EP1190024-B1DE Patent 50000508-GHU Patent 200202395A2JP Patent 2003506072-WES Patent 2182809-T3ZA Patent 200200888ANZ Patent 517027AAU Patent 781016-B2U.S. Patent 7226627-B1. 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Aging and Exhibiting Neuroprotective Effect, By Extracting Grape Branch With Organic Solvent, Filtering Extract and Evaporating Organic Solvent From Filtrate, , KR Patent 2010049209AKR Patent 1068890B1Shrikhande, A.J., Wang, H., Kupina, S.A., (2010) Making Polyphenol Extract From Grapes Comprises Contacting Member E.g. Whole Grapes With Water At An Elevated Temperature to Obtain Crude Grape-water Extract, and Treating Extract With Tannase Enzyme E.g. Yeast At An Elevated Temperature, , U.S. Patent 2010297741A1U.S. Patent 8075929-B2(2001) Red Grape Extract For Preventing and Treating Cancer, is Obtained By Extracting Red Grape and Contains Polyphenol As Active Constituent, , J.P. 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