2,198 research outputs found
Perturbative analysis of generalized Einstein's theories
The hypothesis that the energy-momentum tensor of ordinary matter is not
conserved separately, leads to a non-adiabatic expansion and, in many cases, to
an Universe older than usual. This may provide a solution for the entropy and
age problems of the Standard Cosmological Model. We consider two different
theories of this type, and we perform a perturbative analysis, leading to
analytical expressions for the evolution of gravitational waves, rotational
modes and density perturbations. One of these theories exhibits satisfactory
properties at this level, while the other one should be discarded.Comment: 14 pages, Latex fil
Parameter evaluation in Michaelis-menten kinetics.
Parameter estimation reliability in enzyme kinetics depends upon the substrate range concentrations under assay. An inappropriate concentration set may lead to spurious values of km and Vmax in the Michaelis-Menten approach. In this paper, the theoretical arguments for a practical criterium concerning the best work range of substrate concentration are discussed on a velocity ratio basis (V1/Vn) as response to the pertinent substrate concentration ratio (S1/Sn)
Different faces of the phantom
The SNe type Ia data admit that the Universe today may be dominated by some
exotic matter with negative pressure violating all energy conditions. Such
exotic matter is called {\it phantom matter} due to the anomalies connected
with violation of the energy conditions. If a phantom matter dominates the
matter content of the universe, it can develop a singularity in a finite future
proper time. Here we show that, under certain conditions, the evolution of
perturbations of this matter may lead to avoidance of this future singularity
(the Big Rip). At the same time, we show that local concentrations of a phantom
field may form, among other regular configurations, black holes with
asymptotically flat static regions, separated by an event horizon from an
expanding, singularity-free, asymptotically de Sitter universe.Comment: 6 pages, presented at IRGAC 2006, Barcelona, 11-15 July 200
The canavanine-pentacyanoamine ferrate complex formation.
The complexation of pentacyanoamine ferrate with canavanine is not a specific one. Other amino acids, especially tryptophan and histidine may also react with proper analytical features. Se also do the indolyl and imidazolyl moieties of nonamino acids. Photoactivation does neither seem to occur by exposure of the pentacyanoamine ferrate reagent to daylight, nor is it a perequisite for a more sensitive response of canavanine complexation. On the other hand, oxidants and reducers may well interfere with the absorbance of the complex. In addition molar absorbance, stoichiometric ratio of the complex, and reation-order kinetics were determined. By mean of temperature programming equilibrion constant andreaction kinetics, enthalpy, Gibbs nenergy, entropy values, and activation energy of complex formation were stablished
About Starobinsky inflation
It is believed that soon after the Planck era, space time should have a
semi-classical nature. According to this, the escape from General Relativity
theory is unavoidable. Two geometric counter-terms are needed to regularize the
divergences which come from the expected value. These counter-terms are
responsible for a higher derivative metric gravitation. Starobinsky idea was
that these higher derivatives could mimic a cosmological constant. In this work
it is considered numerical solutions for general Bianchi I anisotropic
space-times in this higher derivative theory. The approach is ``experimental''
in the sense that there is no attempt to an analytical investigation of the
results. It is shown that for zero cosmological constant , there are
sets of initial conditions which form basins of attraction that asymptote
Minkowski space. The complement of this set of initial conditions form basins
which are attracted to some singular solutions. It is also shown, for a
cosmological constant that there are basins of attraction to a
specific de Sitter solution. This result is consistent with Starobinsky's
initial idea. The complement of this set also forms basins that are attracted
to some type of singular solution. Because the singularity is characterized by
curvature scalars, it must be stressed that the basin structure obtained is a
topological invariant, i.e., coordinate independent.Comment: Version accepted for publication in PRD. More references added, a few
modifications and minor correction
Regular phantom black holes
For self-gravitating, static, spherically symmetric, minimally coupled scalar
fields with arbitrary potentials and negative kinetic energy (favored by the
cosmological observations), we give a classification of possible regular
solutions to the field equations with flat, de Sitter and AdS asymptotic
behavior. Among the 16 presented classes of regular rsolutions are traversable
wormholes, Kantowski-Sachs (KS) cosmologies beginning and ending with de Sitter
stages, and asymptotically flat black holes (BHs). The Penrose diagram of a
regular BH is Schwarzschild-like, but the singularity at is replaced by a
de Sitter infinity, which gives a hypothetic BH explorer a chance to survive.
Such solutions also lead to the idea that our Universe could be created from a
phantom-dominated collapse in another universe, with KS expansion and
isotropization after crossing the horizon. Explicit examples of regular
solutions are built and discussed. Possible generalizations include -essence
type scalar fields (with a potential) and scalar-tensor theories of gravity.Comment: revtex4, 4 pages, no figure
Big rip avoidance via black holes production
We consider a cosmological scenario in which the expansion of the Universe is
dominated by phantom dark energy and black holes which condense out of the
latter component. The mass of black holes decreases via Hawking evaporation and
by accretion of phantom fluid but new black holes arise continuously whence the
overall evolution can be rather complex. We study the corresponding dynamical
system to unravel this evolution and single out scenarios where the big rip
singularity does not occur.Comment: 16 pages, two figures. Key words. Cosmology, phantom energy, black
holes. Sligthly extended version to be published in Gravitation and Cosmolog
Gaussian superpositions in scalar-tensor quantum cosmological models
A free scalar field minimally coupled to gravity model is quantized and the
Wheeler-DeWitt equation in minisuperspace is solved analytically, exhibiting
positive and negative frequency modes. The analysis is performed for positive,
negative and zero values of the curvature of the spatial section. Gaussian
superpositions of the modes are constructed, and the quantum bohmian
trajectories are determined in the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie
interpretation of quantum cosmology. Oscillating universes appear in all cases,
but with a characteristic scale of the order of the Planck scale. Bouncing
regular solutions emerge for the flat curvature case. They contract classically
from infinity until a minimum size, where quantum effects become important
acting as repulsive forces avoiding the singularity and creating an
inflationary phase, expanding afterwards to an infinite size, approaching the
classical expansion as long as the scale factor increases. These are
non-singular solutions which are viable models to describe the early Universe.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures, uses graficx.st
Quantum corrections to gravity and their implications for cosmology and astrophysics
The quantum contributions to the gravitational action are relatively easy to
calculate in the higher derivative sector of the theory. However, the
applications to the post-inflationary cosmology and astrophysics require the
corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action and to the cosmological constant,
and those we can not derive yet in a consistent and safe way. At the same time,
if we assume that these quantum terms are covariant and that they have relevant
magnitude, their functional form can be defined up to a single free parameter,
which can be defined on the phenomenological basis. It turns out that the
quantum correction may lead, in principle, to surprisingly strong and
interesting effects in astrophysics and cosmology.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, WS style, contribution to the Proceedings of the
QFEXT-2011 conference in the Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pasqual,
Spai
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