A assistência psiquiátrica no contexto das políticas públicas de saúde (1930-1945)

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 35.pdf: 648897 bytes, checksum: fe00a841e330620d0f600bef361bc214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender de que maneira a assistência psiquiátrica fez parte do projeto governamental de prestação de saúde pública durante as décadas de 30 e 40 do século XX, no período em que Getúlio Vargas esteve à frente da presidência da República brasileira, e se notam grandes mudanças no que concerne a organização da área ministerial relativa à área da saúde. À esta época, também, percebem-se alterações significativas nos rumos que tomava a psiquiatria, como ciência, quando de sua associação com a eugenia, privilegiando a idéia da prevenção que viria a constituir categorias como a profilaxia e a higiene mental dentro das diretrizes da atividade psiquiátrica. Acompanhando estes acontecimentos, este trabalho pretende demonstrar que foi, justamente, essa mudança da psiquiatria que a alçou ao lugar de importância que encontrou neste período selecionado. Todavia, apesar do foco preventivo, que se apresentava como a novidade, a política federal de saúde não ignorava a atividade assistencial e a área psiquiátrica fora organizada a partir do eselecimento do Plano Hospitalar Psiquiátrico, que apesar das alterações que sofreu devido à realidade financeira enfrentada pelos órgãos governamentais competentes, foi posto em prática de forma a garantir o desenvolvimento institucional e assistencial da psiquiatria em todo o país, tendo como exemplo significativo, a Colônia Juliano Moreira, hospital que teve papel de grande importância, dentro da estratégia dual de prevenção e assistência, na promoção de políticas públicas de saúde do Governo Federal.This paper aims to understand how the psychiatric care was part of the government project of provision of public health during the decades of 30 and 40 of the twentieth century, the period when Getúlio Vargas was ahead of the presidency of Brazilian Republic, and major changes was notice in what concerns the organization of the ministerial area on the field of health. At this time, either, significant alterations was perceive in the course of psychiatry as a science, when in association with eugenics, focusing the idea of prevention which would constitute categories such as prophylaxis and mental hygiene within the guidelines of psychiatric activity. Following these events, this work intends to demonstrate that it was precisely this change of psychiatry that takes it to the important place that it founds in the selected period. However, despite the preventive focus, which is presented as the novelty, the federal health policy didn’t ignore the assistance activity and the psychiatric area was organized from the establishment of the Psychiatric Hospital Plan, which despite the changes that have suffered due to the financial reality faced by the competent government authorities, was put in place to ensure the developing of institutional and assistance of psychiatry throughout the country, having as a significant example, the Colônia Juliano Moreira, hospital that had a extremely important role within the dual strategy of prevention and care in the promotion of public health policies of the Federal Government

Da colônia agrícola ao hospital-colônia: configurações para a assistência psiquiátrica no Brasil na primeira metade do século XX From the agricultural colony to the hospital-colony: configurations for psychiatric care in Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century

Discute os sentidos do modelo institucional das colônias na assistência psiquiátrica no Brasil, considerando suas diferentes configurações no contexto das políticas públicas de saúde na primeira metade do século XX. Toma como fio condutor a Colônia Juliano Moreira, fundada em 1924 no Rio de Janeiro. Demonstra o significado atribuído à concepção de colônia agrícola e sua importância na formatação da Colônia Juliano Moreira, para compreender como o ideário da colônia agrícola foi traduzido na concepção de hospital-colônia a partir dos anos 1940, quando essa instituição sofreu processo de acentuada expansão de sua estrutura física e de seus recursos terapêuticos.<br>The meanings given to the institutional model of the colonies in psychiatric care in Brazil are assessed, duly considering their different configurations in the context of public health policies in the first half of the twentieth century. The central thread of this analysis is the case of the Colônia Juliano Moreira, an institution founded in 1924 in Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to show the meaning attributed to the concept of agricultural colony and its importance in shaping the Colônia Juliano Moreira, in order to understand how the ideological precept of agricultural colony was translated into the concept of hospital-colony from the 1940s onwards, when this institution experienced a steady process of marked expansion of its physical structure and its therapeutic resources

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora