A novel approach towards tamper detection of digital holy Quran generation

Quran phrases are found in many Arabic websites. Lamentably, many mistakes and typos appear on most of the websites embedded with Quran texts. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to recognize the legal document of the religious book, whether the online document is tampered or not. Hence, verifying the Quran expression has become a crucial issue for most of the online users who read the digital copy. We propose a novel approach for the tamper detection of a digital document of the Holy Quran. We have implemented a desktop application, having modified UI that utilizes Jaro-Winkler distance and Difflib function as String Edit distance algorithm to highlight the words in the Holy Quran for the verification purpose. A reliable and trustworthy Quran database was taken for testing. The results obtained from the application show higher performance. The system achieved the detection accuracy of 95.9% and 95% by Jaro-Winkler and Difflib, respectively along with the precision of 93.29% and 96% in the case of diacritics. Additionally, F-score is 93.22% and 96.41% obtained by Jaro-Winkler and Difflib, respectively in the case of no diacritics

Resolved versus confirmed ARDS after 24 h: insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Purpose: To evaluate patients with resolved versus confirmed ARDS, identify subgroups with substantial mortality risk, and to determine the utility of day 2 ARDS reclassification. Methods: Our primary objective, in this secondary LUNG SAFE analysis, was to compare outcome in patients with resolved versus confirmed ARDS after 24 h. Secondary objectives included identifying factors associated with ARDS persistence and mortality, and the utility of day 2 ARDS reclassification. Results: Of 2377 patients fulfilling the ARDS definition on the first day of ARDS (day 1) and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, 503 (24%) no longer fulfilled the ARDS definition the next day, 52% of whom initially had moderate or severe ARDS. Higher tidal volume on day 1 of ARDS was associated with confirmed ARDS [OR 1.07 (CI 1.01–1.13), P = 0.035]. Hospital mortality was 38% overall, ranging from 31% in resolved ARDS to 41% in confirmed ARDS, and 57% in confirmed severe ARDS at day 2. In both resolved and confirmed ARDS, age, non-respiratory SOFA score, lower PEEP and P/F ratio, higher peak pressure and respiratory rate were each associated with mortality. In confirmed ARDS, pH and the presence of immunosuppression or neoplasm were also associated with mortality. The increase in area under the receiver operating curve for ARDS reclassification on day 2 was marginal. Conclusions: ARDS, whether resolved or confirmed at day 2, has a high mortality rate. ARDS reclassification at day 2 has limited predictive value for mortality. The substantial mortality risk in severe confirmed ARDS suggests that complex interventions might best be tested in this population. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02010073