Traffic Modeling in Mobile Communication Networks

This paper is focused on traffic modeling in Mobile Communication networks. This research is aimed at developing a traffic model that will predict a blocking probability for voice calls and handover calls blocking probability in mobile communication networks (GSM). The high number of block calls experience in mobile network, especially during the busy- hour as leads to poor Quality of Service (QOS) delivering in mobile network. The block calls experience in mobile network should be reduced (in line with NCC recommended value 2%) to a certain low values, to ensure good QOS. The developed traffic model is focused on new voice calls and handover calls in a cell. The developed traffic models are designed based on the number of channels resource available; these numbers of channels are partition into two segments in a cell network. The cell technology is homogenous in nature; therefore it is applicable to the entire mobile communication system. The analytical method is deployed, and the collection traffic data with equipment know as the Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC-counter) which is in built in the mobile communication network. The OMC-counter runs on Linux operation software, which helps to capture the number of arrival calls and service time in a specified interval. The arrival rate is assumed to be Poisson and the interarrival rate (the different between two arrival points or more) is also, assumed to be exponentially distributed and independence identical distributed. These parameters were assumed in the developed traffic model. The developed traffic models are blocking probability for voice calls and handover calls are shown in Equation (3) and (4). These traffic models are used to manage, a balance relationship between cost incurred in mobile communication by operators and service render to the mobile subscribers. Keywords: Arrival rate, service time, exponential distribution, channels rate and traffic load in erlang

Characterization of Mobile Radio Propagation Channel using Empirically based Pathloss Model for Suburban Environments in Nigeria

This paper focused on characterizing mobile radio propagation channel using empirically based pathloss model for suburban environments in Nigeria. In this paper, field data were collected from a CDMA20001x network which included measurement of received signal strength over several distances from the transmitting base station. The averages of the measured data were used in determining the pathloss exponent of the propagation environment. Also, an empirical based pathloss model was developed for the testbed environment using the field data and the pathloss exponent. The developed pathloss model and the computed pathloss exponent of 3.63 were used in characterizing the testbed environment in order to determine the efficiency and link quality of the network under consideration. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150517

Analysis of Least Mean Square Adaptive Beam forming Algorithm of the Adaptive Antenna for Improving the Performance of the CDMA20001X BaseMobile Radio Network

This paper focused on improving the performance ofcode division multiple access 20001x base mobile radio network using Least Mean Square adaptive beamforming algorithm. Code division multiple access 20001x(CDMA20001x)ischosen astheplatformforthispapersinceithasbeenadoptedastheair-interfacetechnologyby the3Gwirelesscommunicationsystems.But,the performance of the CDMA20001x mobile radio network is limited by both multiple access interference and multipath fading. Thus, this paper concentrates on using adaptive antennas algorithm in minimizing the effect of multiple access interference and multipath fading in order to achieve greater performance on the network and accommodate more subscribers per base station. The result for the performance of CDMA20001x with various adaptive beamforming algorithms is simulated in Matlab.The simulation results show that LMS adaptivebeamforming algorithm achieved the desired maximum narrow beam towards the desired user and placed nulls on the interfering user in order to suppress the interfering signal. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150517

Energy Efficient Lighting: Luminance Assessments of CFLs and Incandescent Bulbs

Concerns about energy security, air pollution, and climate change the government of Nigeria is promoting policies that are focus on the need for energy conservation and clean energy promotion. This focus has resulted in a proliferation of high-level national initiatives on energy efficiency, renewable energy, energy security, and energy cooperation in the region. Of the many available technological options is the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) which can directly replace a standard incandescent lamp. Increasing the efficiency of installed lighting lamps through the adoption of CFL efficient technology is an effective method to reduce peak demand and save wastage in residential section, where an estimated 15.3 million households lack access to grid electricity. The greatest advantage of the CFLs is its energy efficiency during use, with much less energy lost to heat. The CFLs typically convert about 45% of the electricity to visible light, whereas the incandescent bulbs only about 10%. This study attempts to evaluate and compare the Luminance of the CFLs acquired through ECN/ECOWAS/CUBA agreement, CFLs from other manufacturers and incandescent lamps. Keywords: Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL, Energy efficiency, incandescent Lamps energy conservatio

Statistical tuning of cost 231 Hata model in deployed 1800mhz GSM networks for a rural environment

Radio propagation planning requires the use of propagation models in planning cell size as well as frequency assignment. This paper presents a comparative study of path loss predicted using COST 231 Hata model and ECC-33 model on received signal strength data collected from three deployed GSM networks at 1800MHz in Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research environment (NIFOR), Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values obtained from the comparison, the COST 231 Hata model was tuned using the least square approach. The result obtained after tuning shows that for Network A; MPE andRMSE values reduces to 1.17 dB and 5.5dB. For Network B, MPE and RMSE values reduces to 2.26 dB and 7.16dB. While, for Network C; MPE and RMSE values reduces to 6.21 dB and 10.78dB. The results obtained show that the tuned COST 231 Hata model can be used for radio planning in the study environment as well as other environment with similar terrain profile. Keywords: Propagation model, Path loss, COST 231 Hata model, ECC-33 model, Least square tuning approach, MPE and RMS

A comparative analysis of prepayment meters on selected loads

This paper presents a comparative analysis of measurement accuracy of single phase prepayment meters under different loads. This study was motivated by users complain on variations in metering from different energy meter models. The experimental method was adopted in this study.The experimental setup involved a digital stop watch, the developed meter and two specimensof existing commercial meters. These meters were connected to varying load under the same measurement conditions. The time taken to consume 0.01kWh in each load category for each meter was recorded. The measurement was carried out a number of times on a non-reactive load at 220V supply and results were analysed. The results obtained show that the claims of prepayment meters users may be correct as the commercial meters investigated do not have the same accuracy of load measurements. The null hypotheses of equal means and median on each load category were shown not to be correct as the statisticaltest results showed variations in sizes of hypothesis mean differences. There was also a relatively high degree of variation between the recorded measurements on the same load for each of the meters. The variation in the accuracy of load measurement results to an extra cost of up to ₦559.11 per month on average load of 320watts on the commercial meter studied

Implementation of a GSM-based SMS token recharge system for single phase prepayment energy meter

In this paper, a developed GSM-Based SMS token recharge system for Prepayment meters is presented. The versatility of the GSM technology is put to use to enable wireless meter recharge to the comfort of the users. The meter consists of ADE7755 used to generate the consumption pulses that are measured and recorded by Atmega328P. Atmega2560 was used to manage the unit according to consumption. It also controls and monitors the activities of the meter and communicates using SIM900 to achieve the SMS recharging. The server consists of SIM900 for SMS recharging from the Distribution Company’s office and Atmega328P, interfaced serially with the PC. The software module housed in the PC consists of the Application Platform used especially for token generation, Distribution Companywireless recharging and Database management. SMS Commands format for recharging of the meter was also developed.Both microcontrollers are suitably programmed in C++ language to enable it carry out the prescribed function of SMS token recharging especially the Atmega2560 in recognizing the SMS recharge format. It also makes the recharging algorithm available and controls it as well. The resultof the test carried out for SMS recharging of token shows 100% success rate in the chosen network operator. With the result obtained, the GSM-Based SMS Token Recharging System developed in this work is reliable and efficient for use by the Electricity Distribution Company and the consumer