165 research outputs found

    The Ground State Energy of Dilute Bose Gas in Potentials with Positive Scattering Length

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    The leading term of the ground state energy/particle of a dilute gas of bosons with mass mm in the thermodynamic limit is 2π2aρ/m2\pi \hbar^2 a \rho/m when the density of the gas is ρ\rho, the interaction potential is non-negative and the scattering length aa is positive. In this paper, we generalize the upper bound part of this result to any interaction potential with positive scattering length, i.e, a>0a>0 and the lower bound part to some interaction potentials with shallow and/or narrow negative parts.Comment: Latex 28 page

    Free Energy of a Dilute Bose Gas: Lower Bound

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    A lower bound is derived on the free energy (per unit volume) of a homogeneous Bose gas at density ρ\rho and temperature TT. In the dilute regime, i.e., when a3ρ1a^3\rho \ll 1, where aa denotes the scattering length of the pair-interaction potential, our bound differs to leading order from the expression for non-interacting particles by the term 4πa(2ρ2[ρρc]+2)4\pi a (2\rho^2 - [\rho-\rho_c]_+^2). Here, ρc(T)\rho_c(T) denotes the critical density for Bose-Einstein condensation (for the non-interacting gas), and []+[ ]_+ denotes the positive part. Our bound is uniform in the temperature up to temperatures of the order of the critical temperature, i.e., Tρ2/3T \sim \rho^{2/3} or smaller. One of the key ingredients in the proof is the use of coherent states to extend the method introduced in [arXiv:math-ph/0601051] for estimating correlations to temperatures below the critical one.Comment: LaTeX2e, 53 page

    A Rigorous Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Energy Functional for a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas

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    We consider the ground state properties of an inhomogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas with a repulsive, short range pair interaction and an external confining potential. In the limit when the particle number NN is large but ρˉa2\bar\rho a^2 is small, where ρˉ\bar\rho is the average particle density and aa the scattering length, the ground state energy and density are rigorously shown to be given to leading order by a Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) energy functional with a coupling constant g1/ln(ρˉa2)g\sim 1/|\ln(\bar\rho a^2)|. In contrast to the 3D case the coupling constant depends on NN through the mean density. The GP energy per particle depends only on NgNg. In 2D this parameter is typically so large that the gradient term in the GP energy functional is negligible and the simpler description by a Thomas-Fermi type functional is adequate.Comment: 14 pages, no figures, latex 2e. References, some clarifications and an appendix added. To appear in Commun. Math. Phy

    Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Hierarchy

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    We report on some recent results regarding the dynamical behavior of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, in the limit of a large number of particles. These results were obtained in \cite{ESY}, a joint work with L. Erd\H os and H.-T. Yau.Comment: 15 pages; for the proceedings of the QMath9 International Conference, Giens, France, Sept. 200

    The TF Limit for Rapidly Rotating Bose Gases in Anharmonic Traps

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    Starting from the full many body Hamiltonian we derive the leading order energy and density asymptotics for the ground state of a dilute, rotating Bose gas in an anharmonic trap in the ` Thomas Fermi' (TF) limit when the Gross-Pitaevskii coupling parameter and/or the rotation velocity tend to infinity. Although the many-body wave function is expected to have a complicated phase, the leading order contribution to the energy can be computed by minimizing a simple functional of the density alone

    Ground state energy of the low density Hubbard model

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    We derive a lower bound on the ground state energy of the Hubbard model for given value of the total spin. In combination with the upper bound derived previously by Giuliani, our result proves that in the low density limit, the leading order correction compared to the ground state energy of a non-interacting lattice Fermi gas is given by 8πaρuρd8\pi a \rho_u \rho_d, where ρu(d)\rho_{u(d)} denotes the density of the spin-up (down) particles, and aa is the scattering length of the contact interaction potential. This result extends previous work on the corresponding continuum model to the lattice case.Comment: LaTeX2e, 18 page

    Postoperative Befunde an der Wirbelsäule

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    Zusammenfassung: Die postoperative Bildgebung wird klassischerweise herangezogen zur Dokumentation der korrekten Implantatlage oder um Komplikationen auszuschließen, wenn der Patient postoperativ weiterhin Beschwerden angibt. In Abhängigkeit von der Fragestellung können verschiedene Modalitäten verwendet werden - alle mit Vor- und Nachteilen. Die konventionelle Röntgenuntersuchung wird zur Dokumentation der Implantatlage, Beurteilung der Stabilität oder im Follow-up zur Frage der Instabilität oder einer Implantatfraktur verwendet, wogegen Weichteilveränderungen nicht komplett beurteilt werden können. Neben diesen Indikationen wird eine Bildgebung bei persistierenden Beschwerden (meist Schmerzen) des Patienten veranlasst. Residuelles oder rezidiviertes Bandscheibengewebe, ein Hämatom oder eine Entzündung können am besten mit der MRT beurteilt werden. Die MRT sollte unmittelbar postoperativ durchgeführt werden, um eine physiologische Granulation im Zugangsgebiet von entzündlichen Veränderungen unterscheiden zu können. Oft kann die Bildgebung allein dies nicht unterscheiden, daher ist die Bildgebung nur ein weiteres Puzzelstück. Die Computertomographie ist die Modalität der Wahl zur Beurteilung von Knochen und eine Ergänzung bei neuen Verfahren wie der bildgestützten Kypho- oder Vertebroplasti

    Entzündliche Erkrankungen der Wirbelsäule und des Myelons

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    Zusammenfassung: Entzündliche Erkrankungen der Wirbelsäule und des Myelons haben vielfältige Ursachen. Mit Ausnahme der degenerativ bedingten entzündlichen Veränderungen der Wirbelsäule selbst sind bakteriell, viral oder autoimmun vermittelte Entzündungen eher selten. Letztere sind klinisch und bildgebend auch schwer zu evaluieren, können aber wichtige Ursachen für Schmerzen und funktionelle Störungen sein. Dies gilt besonders, wenn sie unbehandelt bleiben. Bei schweren Krankheitsverläufen wie der Spondylodiszitis oder der rheumatoiden Arthritis kann es zu ernsten neurologischen Ausfällen kommen, v.a. bei fortschreitender intraspinaler Beteiligung. Entzündungen des Myelons selbst können durch konventionelle Röntgenuntersuchungen nicht und mit der Computertomographie nur selten festgestellt werden. Hier ist die Magnetresonanztomographie das bildgebende Verfahren der ersten Wahl, um Veränderungen des Myelons frühzeitig und differenziert zu beurteile

    Free Energies of Dilute Bose gases: upper bound

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    We derive a upper bound on the free energy of a Bose gas system at density ρ\rho and temperature TT. In combination with the lower bound derived previously by Seiringer \cite{RS1}, our result proves that in the low density limit, i.e., when a3ρ1a^3\rho\ll 1, where aa denotes the scattering length of the pair-interaction potential, the leading term of Δf\Delta f the free energy difference per volume between interacting and ideal Bose gases is equal to 4\pi a (2\rho^2-[\rho-\rhoc]^2_+). Here, \rhoc(T) denotes the critical density for Bose-Einstein condensation (for the ideal gas), and []+[\cdot ]_+ == max{,0}\max\{\cdot, 0\} denotes the positive part.Comment: 56 pages, no figure

    The Second Order Upper Bound for the Ground Energy of a Bose Gas

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    Consider NN bosons in a finite box Λ=[0,L]3R3\Lambda= [0,L]^3\subset \mathbf R^3 interacting via a two-body smooth repulsive short range potential. We construct a variational state which gives the following upper bound on the ground state energy per particle limˉρ0limˉL,N/L3ρ(e0(ρ)4πaρ(4πa)5/2(ρ)3/2)1615π2,\bar\lim_{\rho\to0} \bar \lim_{L \to \infty, N/L^3 \to \rho} (\frac{e_0(\rho)- 4 \pi a \rho}{(4 \pi a)^{5/2}(\rho)^{3/2}})\leq \frac{16}{15\pi^2}, where aa is the scattering length of the potential. Previously, an upper bound of the form C16/15π2C 16/15\pi^2 for some constant C>1C > 1 was obtained in \cite{ESY}. Our result proves the upper bound of the the prediction by Lee-Yang \cite{LYang} and Lee-Huang-Yang \cite{LHY}.Comment: 62 pages, no figure
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