11 research outputs found
Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages structure in two headwater streams, south-eastern Brazil
Facts, Presumptions, And Myths On The Solvent-free And Catalyst-free Biginelli Reaction. What Is Catalysis For?
The current manuscript describes the role and importance of catalysis and solvent effects for the Biginelli multicomponent reaction. The overwhelming number of new catalysts and conditions recently published for the Biginelli synthesis, including in some manuscripts entitled catalyst-free and/or solvent-free have incentivized controversies and hot debates regarding the importance of developing new catalysts and reaction conditions to perform this very important multicomponent reaction. These so-called catalyst-free reports have generated much confusion in the field, requiring urgent elucidations. In this manuscript, we exemplify, demystify, and discuss the crucial role of catalysis, solvent effects, mechanisms, kinetics, facts, presumptions, and myths associated with the Biginelli reaction aiming to avoid current and future confusion and to stimulate new approaches. © 2014 American Chemical Society.79833833397Domling, A., Wang, W., Wang, K., (2012) Chem. 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Protein Extraction For Proteome Analysis From Cacao Leaves And Meristems, Organs Infected By Moniliophthora Perniciosa, The Causal Agent Of The Witches' Broom Disease
Preparation of high-quality proteins from cacao vegetative organs is difficult due to very high endogenous levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. In order to establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic and biochemical analysis to cacao tissues, three new protocols were developed; one for apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) extraction, and two for protein extraction - under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The first described method allows a quick and easy collection of AWF - using infiltration-centfifugation procedure - that is representative of its composition in intact leaves according to the smaller symplastic contamination detected by the use of the hexose phosphate isomerase marker. Protein extraction under denaturing conditions for 2-DE was remarkably improved by the combination of chemically and physically modified processes including phenol, SDS dense buffer and sonication steps. 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