Role of mitochondria in the pheromone- and amiodarone-induced programmed death of yeast

Although programmed cell death (PCD) is extensively studied in multicellular organisms, in recent years it has been shown that a unicellular organism, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also possesses death program(s). In particular, we have found that a high doses of yeast pheromone is a natural stimulus inducing PCD. Here, we show that the death cascades triggered by pheromone and by a drug amiodarone are very similar. We focused on the role of mitochondria during the pheromone/amiodarone-induced PCD. For the first time, a functional chain of the mitochondria-related events required for a particular case of yeast PCD has been revealed: an enhancement of mitochondrial respiration and of its energy coupling, a strong increase of mitochondrial membrane potential, both events triggered by the rise of cytoplasmic [Ca2+], a burst in generation of reactive oxygen species in center o of the respiratory chain complex III, mitochondrial thread-grain transition, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. A novel mitochondrial protein required for thread-grain transition is identified

МНОГОЦЕЛЕВОЙ СИНТЕЗ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПАРОВОЙ ТУРБИНОЙ АЭС ПО ПРЯМЫМ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМ КАЧЕСТВА

Nonlinear mathematical models of automatic control systems of steam turbine of atomic plant K-1000-60/1500 are built in the space of states with different regulators. Vector objective function is proposed for multi-objective optimization of control systems of steam turbine. The results of multi-objective parametric synthesis of nonlinear systems of frequency stabilization are presented. References 2, tables 3, figures 5.Построены нелинейные математические модели систем автоматического управления паровой турбиной АЭС К-1000-60/1500 в пространстве состояний с различными регуляторами. Предложена векторная целевая функция для многоцелевой оптимизации систем управления паровой турбиной. Представлены результаты многоцелевого параметрического синтеза нелинейных систем стабилизации частоты. Библ. 2, табл. 3, рис. 5Побудовані нелінійні математичні моделі систем автоматичного керування паровою турбіною К-1000-60/1500 в просторі станів з різними регуляторами. Запропонована векторна цільова функція для багатоцільової оптимізації систем керування паровою турбіною. Представлені результати багатоцільового параметричного синтезу нелінійних систем стабілізації частоти. Бібл. 2, табл. 3, рис. 5

БАГАТОЦІЛЬОВИЙ СИНТЕЗ НЕЛИНІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ ПАРОВОЮ ТУРБІНОЮ АЕС ЗА ПРЯМИМ ПОКАЗНИКОМ ЯКОСТІ

Nonlinear mathematical models of automatic control systems of steam turbine of atomic plant K-1000-60/1500 are built in the space of states with different regulators. Vector objective function is proposed for multi-objective optimization of control systems of steam turbine. The results of multi-objective parametric synthesis of nonlinear systems of frequency stabilization are presented. References 2, tables 3, figures 5.Построены нелинейные математические модели систем автоматического управления паровой турбиной АЭС К-1000-60/1500 в пространстве состояний с различными регуляторами. Предложена векторная целевая функция для многоцелевой оптимизации систем управления паровой турбиной. Представлены результаты многоцелевого параметрического синтеза нелинейных систем стабилизации частоты. Библ. 2, табл. 3, рис. 5.Побудовані нелінійні математичні моделі систем автоматичного керування паровою турбіною К-1000- 60/1500 в просторі станів з різними регуляторами. Запропонована векторна цільова функція для багатоцільової оптимізації систем керування паровою турбіною. Представлені результати багатоцільовогопараметричного синтезу нелінійних систем стабілізації частоти. Бібл. 2, табл. 3, рис. 5

Orientational self-sorting in cuboctahedral Pd cages

Cuboctahedral coordination cages of the general formula [Pd12L24]24+ (L = low-symmetry ligand) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. With 350 696 potential isomers, the structural space of these assemblies is vast. Orientational self-sorting refers to the preferential formation of particular isomers within the pool of potential structures. Geometric and computational analyses predict the preferred formation of cages with a cis arrangement at the metal centers. This prediction was corroborated experimentally by synthesizing a [Pd12L24]24+ cage with a bridging 3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)pyridine ligand. A crystallographic analysis of this assembly showed exclusive cis coordination of the 3- and the 4-pyridyl donor groups at the Pd2+ ions

Physical nature of critical wave functions in Fibonacci systems

We report on a new class of critical states in the energy spectrum of general Fibonacci systems. By introducing a transfer matrix renormalization technique, we prove that the charge distribution of these states spreads over the whole system, showing transport properties characteristic of electronic extended states. Our analytical method is a first step to find out the link between the spatial structure of these critical wave functions and the quasiperiodic order of the underlying lattice.Comment: REVTEX 3.0, 11 pages, 2 figures available upon request. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Trace and antitrace maps for aperiodic sequences, their extensions and applications

We study aperiodic systems based on substitution rules by means of a transfer-matrix approach. In addition to the well-known trace map, we investigate the so-called `antitrace' map, which is the corresponding map for the difference of the off-diagonal elements of the 2x2 transfer matrix. The antitrace maps are obtained for various binary, ternary and quaternary aperiodic sequences, such as the Fibonacci, Thue-Morse, period-doubling, Rudin-Shapiro sequences, and certain generalizations. For arbitrary substitution rules, we show that not only trace maps, but also antitrace maps exist. The dimension of the our antitrace map is r(r+1)/2, where r denotes the number of basic letters in the aperiodic sequence. Analogous maps for specific matrix elements of the transfer matrix can also be constructed, but the maps for the off-diagonal elements and for the difference of the diagonal elements coincide with the antitrace map. Thus, from the trace and antitrace map, we can determine any physical quantity related to the global transfer matrix of the system. As examples, we employ these dynamical maps to compute the transmission coefficients for optical multilayers, harmonic chains, and electronic systems.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX, now also includes applications to electronic systems, some references adde

Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the cause of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS), is a zoonotic infection of staggering proportions and social impact. Yet uncertainty persists regarding its natural reservoir. The virus most closely related to HIV-1 is a simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV) thus far identified only in captive members of the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Here we report the detection of SIVcpz antibodies and nucleic acids in fecal samples from wild-living P.t. troglodytes apes in southern Cameroon, where prevalence rates in some communities reached 29 to 35%. By sequence analysis of endemic SIVcpz strains, we could trace the origins of pandemic ( group M) and nonpandemic ( group N) HIV-1 to distinct, geographically isolated chimpanzee communities. These findings establish P. t. troglodytes as a natural reservoir of HIV-1

Band Calculations for Ce Compounds with AuCu3_{3}-type Crystal Structure on the basis of Dynamical Mean Field Theory I. CePd3_{3} and CeRh3_{3}

Band calculations for Ce compounds with the AuCu$_{3}$-type crystal structure were carried out on the basis of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). The auxiliary impurity problem was solved by a method named NCA$f^{2}$vc (noncrossing approximation including the $f^{2}$ state as a vertex correction). The calculations take into account the crystal-field splitting, the spin-orbit interaction, and the correct exchange process of the $f^{1} \rightarrow f^{0},f^{2}$ virtual excitation. These are necessary features in the quantitative band theory for Ce compounds and in the calculation of their excitation spectra. The results of applying the calculation to CePd$_{3}$ and CeRh$_{3}$ are presented as the first in a series of papers. The experimental results of the photoemission spectrum (PES), the inverse PES, the angle-resolved PES, and the magnetic excitation spectra were reasonably reproduced by the first-principles DMFT band calculation. At low temperatures, the Fermi surface (FS) structure of CePd$_{3}$ is similar to that of the band obtained by the local density approximation. It gradually changes into a form that is similar to the FS of LaPd$_{3}$ as the temperature increases, since the $4f$ band shifts to the high-energy side and the lifetime broadening becomes large.}Comment: 12 pasges, 13 figure

Nanospiral Formation by Droplet Drying: One Molecule at a Time

We have created nanospirals by self-assembly during droplet evaporation. The nanospirals, 60–70 nm in diameter, formed when solvent mixtures of methanol and m-cresol were used. In contrast, spin coating using only methanol as the solvent produced epitaxial films of stripe nanopatterns and using only m-cresol disordered structure. Due to the disparity in vapor pressure between the two solvents, droplets of m-cresol solution remaining on the substrate serve as templates for the self-assembly of carboxylic acid molecules, which in turn allows the visualization of solution droplet evaporation one molecule at a time