867 research outputs found
âUse of Scanner Data to Analyze the Table Wine Demand in the Italian Major Retailing Tradeâ
ABSTRACT
While the utilization of scanner data for food demand analyses has become increasingly popular in
the United States, few food demand studies, and in particular none on table wine, have been conducted
using scanner data in Italy+ This paper presents a first attempt to estimate a demand system
for selected brands of red tetra-packaged, plastic packaged, and bag-in-box table wine using scanner
data providing new and useful insights into the marketing of Italian wine+ Price and expenditure
elasticities of Italian red table wine demand drawn from a linear almost ideal demand system are
provided+ Results suggest a partially loyal market of table wine, showing a tendency to substitution
across brands and a degree of competition among the leading brands+ @EconLit citations: Q110,
Q130#+ © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Effects of long term application of compost and poultry manure on soil quality of citrus orchards in Southern Italy.
A six-year study was carried out in an organically managed orange orchard located in Sicily (Southern Italy) to assess the effect of compost and organic fertilizers utilisation on soil quality. Adopting a randomized-block experimental design with three replicates, four treatments were carried out. In treatments 1 and 2, two different composts (C1 from distillery by products and C2 from livestock wastes) were applied. The plots of treatment 3 were fertilized using dried poultry manure. The control treatment was fertilized with mineral/synthetic fertilizers. In order to verify the hypothesis that composts and organic fertilizers improve soil fertility, soil quality was evaluated by selecting dynamic soil parameters, as indicators linked to C and N cycles. Total organic C, total N, C/N ratio, humified fraction, isoelectric focusing (IEF) of extracted organic matter, microbial biomass C, potentially mineralisable N under anaerobic conditions, potenzially mineralizable C, C mineralization quotient and metabolic quotient were determined for each sample. Furthermore, the Comunity level Physiological Profile (by Biolog tecnique) was defined, calculating derived functional biodiversity and versatility indexes. Parameters related to IEF and potentially mineralizable C showed significant differences among the treatments. Moreover, total C, total N and humification parameters tended to increase, while no differences were observed in biodiversity indexes. On these findings, it was concluded that composts and poultry manure only weakly affected soil properties, though they increased soil nutritive elements potentially available to crops
Tof ion spectra de convolution for lasergenerated plasmas
EnA study of different targets (Fe, Ti, Ni, Al2O3) ablation, in vacuum, by using a ns Nd:YAG laser radiation, 1064 nm and 532 nm (second harmonic) wavelengths, is reported. Laser pulse with high intensity generates a plasma at the target surface, with high non-isotropic emission of neutral and ion species, mainly emitted along the normal to the target surface. Time of flight (TOF) measurements are performed by using an ion collector consisting of a collimated Faraday cup placed along the normal to the target surface and an Ion Energy Analyzer (IEA) detector. The TOF spectra are converted as a function of the ions velocity and they are deconvolved for the various ion charge states by using the âCoulomb-Boltzmann shiftedâ function approach through the âPeakfitâ mathematical code. The fit of the experimental distribution data permits to estimate the equivalent plasma temperature and the average energy shift of the distributions as a function of the ion charge state. This energy shift leads to the evaluation of the electric field producing the ion acceleration inside the plasma
Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser
Ultrafast fiber lasers with short pulses and broad bandwidth are in great
demand for a variety of applications, such as spectroscopy, biomedical
diagnosis and optical communications. In particular sub-200fs pulses are
required for ultrafast spectroscopy with high temporal resolution. Graphene is
an ideal ultra-wide-band saturable absorber. We report the generation of 174fs
pulses from a graphene-based fiber lase
Graphene Q-switched, tunable fiber laser
We demonstrate a wideband-tunable Q-switched fiber laser exploiting a
graphene saturable absorber. We get ~2us pulses, tunable between 1522 and
1555nm with up to~40nJ energy. This is a simple and low-cost light source for
metrology, environmental sensing and biomedical diagnostics
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