Human Services Integration

Author Institution: Center for Urban Studies, Youngstown State UniversityThe fashionable phrase, human services integration, has many possible operational meanings. It is especially important to distinguish between integration as a set of administrative techniques or structural arrangements, on the one hand, and integration as a characteristic of services or their manner of delivery, on the other. This leaves open the possibility of empirically testing how certain structural changes might affect the delivery of services

The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences

After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of incarceration in the United States more than quadrupled in the past four decades. The Committee on the Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration in the United States was established under the auspices of the National Research Council, supported by the National Institute of Justice and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, to review evidence on the causes and consequences of these high incarceration rates and the implications of this evidence for public policy. Our work encompassed research on, and analyses of, the proximate causes of the dramatic rise in the prison population and the societal dynamics that supported those proximate causes. Our analysis reviewed evidence of the effects of high rates of incarceration on public safety as well as those in prison, their families, and the communities from which these men and women originate and to which they return. We also examined the effects on U.S. society. After assessing the evidence, the committee found that the normative principles that both limit and justify the use of incarceration as a response to crime were a necessary element of the analytical process. Public policy on the appropriate use of prison is not determined solely by weighing evidence of costs and benefits. Rather, a combination of empirical findings and explicit normative commitments is required. Issues regarding criminal punishment necessarily involve ideas about justice, fairness, and just deserts. Accordingly, this report includes a review of established principles of jurisprudence and governance that have historically guided society’s use of incarceration. Finally, we considered the practical implications of our conclusions for public policy and for research

How should the government measure spending? The uses of accrual accounting

tag=1 data=How should the government measure spending? The uses of accrual accounting. by F. Stevens Redburn tag=2 data=Redburn, F.Stevens tag=3 data=Public Administration Review, tag=4 data=53 tag=5 data=3 tag=6 data=May/June 1993 tag=7 data=228-236. tag=8 data=ACCOUNTING tag=9 data=ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING tag=10 data=What would be the benefits of replacing the [U.S] Federal Government's cash basis budgeting approach with an accrual accounting system? tag=11 data=1993/5/9 tag=12 data=93/0549 tag=13 data=CABWhat would be the benefits of replacing the [U.S] Federal Government's cash basis budgeting approach with an accrual accounting system

Never lost a penny: An assessment of federal deposit insurance

Current problems of the Federal deposit insurance system threaten not only to increase future Federal costs but also to destabilize the U.S. banking system as it faces new competitors. The system's problems can be traced to weakness in both the political and market feedback mechanisms. Current policies governing Federal deposit insurance are flawed in numerous respects. Recent extension of capital forbearance to troubled institutions appears to be another step in the wrong direction. Reforms are suggested that would improve political accountablity and market discipline. However, given resistance to such reforms, only a banking crisis seems likely to break the impasse.

THE ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OF AMERICA: AN OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUES

This paper presents an overview of the economic issues facing the American economy. Crisis and transformation scenarios are presented and supply-side versus demand-side economic policies are considered as approaches to revitalizing the economy. Issues such as the extent to which centralization is needed, the kinds of trade-offs that will be required, and the various constraints that exist for policy making are discussed. Copyright 1982 by The Policy Studies Organization.