3,277 research outputs found
Traversable Wormholes in Geometries of Charged Shells
We construct a static axisymmetric wormhole from the gravitational field of
two charged shells which are kept in equilibrium by their electromagnetic
repulsion. For large separations the exterior tends to the Majumdar-Papapetrou
spacetime of two charged particles. The interior of the wormhole is a
Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole matching to the two shells. The wormhole is
traversable and connects to the same asymptotics without violation of energy
conditions. However, every point in the Majumdar-Papapetrou region lies on a
closed timelike curve.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 1 figur
Representations of Menger -semigroups by multiplace functions
Investigation of partial multiplace functions by algebraic methods plays an
important role in modern mathematics were we consider various operations on
sets of functions, which are naturally defined. The basic operation for
-place functions is an -ary superposition , but there are some
other naturally defined operations, which are also worth of consideration. In
this paper we consider binary Mann's compositions \op{1},...,\op{n} for
partial -place functions, which have many important applications for the
study of binary and -ary operations. We present methods of representations
of such algebras by -place functions and find an abstract characterization
of the set of -place functions closed with respect to the set-theoretic
inclusion
String Supported Wormhole Spacetimes and Causality Violations
We construct a static axisymmetric wormhole from the gravitational field of
two Schwarzschild particles which are kept in equilibrium by strings (ropes)
extending to infinity. The wormhole is obtained by matching two
three-dimensional timelike surfaces surrounding each of the particles and thus
spacetime becomes non-simply connected. Although the matching will not be exact
in general it is possible to make the error arbitrarily small by assuming that
the distance between the particles is much larger than the radius of the
wormhole mouths. Whenever the masses of the two wormhole mouths are different,
causality violating effects will occur.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 1 figur
Representations of -semigroups by multiplace functions
We describe the representations of -semigroups, i.e. groupoids with
binary associative operations, by partial -place functions and prove
that any such representation is a union of some family of representations
induced by Schein's determining pairs.Comment: 17 page
The Cosmic Censor Forbids Naked Topology
For any asymptotically flat spacetime with a suitable causal structure
obeying (a weak form of) Penrose's cosmic censorship conjecture and satisfying
conditions guaranteeing focusing of complete null geodesics, we prove that
active topological censorship holds. We do not assume global hyperbolicity, and
therefore make no use of Cauchy surfaces and their topology. Instead, we
replace this with two underlying assumptions concerning the causal structure:
that no compact set can signal to arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of spatial
infinity (``-avoidance''), and that no future incomplete null geodesic is
visible from future null infinity. We show that these and the focusing
condition together imply that the domain of outer communications is simply
connected. Furthermore, we prove lemmas which have as a consequence that if a
future incomplete null geodesic were visible from infinity, then given our
-avoidance assumption, it would also be visible from points of spacetime
that can communicate with infinity, and so would signify a true naked
singularity.Comment: To appear in CQG, this improved version contains minor revisions to
incorporate referee's suggestions. Two revised references. Plain TeX, 12
page
Psychological Safety and Norm Clarity in Software Engineering Teams
In the software engineering industry today, companies primarily conduct their
work in teams. To increase organizational productivity, it is thus crucial to
know the factors that affect team effectiveness. Two team-related concepts that
have gained prominence lately are psychological safety and team norms. Still,
few studies exist that explore these in a software engineering context.
Therefore, with the aim of extending the knowledge of these concepts, we
examined if psychological safety and team norm clarity associate positively
with software developers' self-assessed team performance and job satisfaction,
two important elements of effectiveness.
We collected industry survey data from practitioners (N = 217) in 38
development teams working for five different organizations. The result of
multiple linear regression analyses indicates that both psychological safety
and team norm clarity predict team members' self-assessed performance and job
satisfaction. The findings also suggest that clarity of norms is a stronger
(30\% and 71\% stronger, respectively) predictor than psychological safety.
This research highlights the need to examine, in more detail, the
relationship between social norms and software development. The findings of
this study could serve as an empirical baseline for such, future work.Comment: Submitted to CHASE'201
Temperature and Field Dependence of the Mobility in Liquid-Crystalline Conjugated Polymer Films
The transport properties of organic light-emitting diodes in which the
emissive layer is composed of conjugated polymers in the liquid-crystalline
phase have been investigated. We have performed simulations of the current
transient response to an illumination pulse via the Monte Carlo approach, and
from the transit times we have extracted the mobility of the charge carriers as
a function of both the electric field and the temperature. The transport
properties of such films are different from their disordered counterparts, with
charge carrier mobilities exhibiting only a weak dependence on both the
electric field and temperature. We show that for spatially ordered polymer
films, this weak dependence arises for thermal energy being comparable to the
energetic disorder, due to the combined effect of the electrostatic and thermal
energies. The inclusion of spatial disorder, on the other hand, does not alter
the qualitative behaviour of the mobility, but results in decreasing its
absolute value.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
The Problem of Purity in Moral Psychology
Academic AbstractThe idea of ?purity? transformed moral psychology. Here, we provide the first systematic review of this concept. Although often discussed as one construct, we reveal ~9 understandings of purity, ranging from respecting God to not eating gross things. This striking heterogeneity arises because purity?unlike other moral constructs?is not understood by what it is but what it isn?t: obvious interpersonal harm. This poses many problems for moral psychology and explains why purity lacks convergent and divergent validity and why purity is confounded with politics, religion, weirdness, and perceived harm. Because purity is not a coherent construct, it cannot be a distinct basis of moral judgment or specially tied to disgust. Rather than a specific moral domain, purity is best understood as a loose set of themes in moral rhetoric. These themes are scaffolded on cultural understandings of harm?the broad, pluralistic harm outlined by the Theory of Dyadic Morality
The information sources and journals consulted or read by UK paediatricians to inform their clinical practice and those which they consider important: a questionnaire survey
Background: Implementation of health research findings is important for medicine to be
evidence-based. Previous studies have found variation in the information sources thought to be of greatest importance to clinicians but publication in peer-reviewed journals is the traditional route for dissemination of research findings. There is debate about whether the impact made on clinicians should be considered as part of the evaluation of research outputs. We aimed to determine first which information sources are generally most consulted by paediatricians to inform their clinical practice, and which sources they considered most important, and second, how many and which peer-reviewed journals they read.
Methods: We enquired, by questionnaire survey, about the information sources and academic
journals that UK medical paediatric specialists generally consulted, attended or read and
considered important to their clinical practice.
Results: The same three information sources â professional meetings & conferences, peerreviewed
journals and medical colleagues â were, overall, the most consulted or attended and ranked the most important. No one information source was found to be of greatest importance to all groups of paediatricians. Journals were widely read by all groups, but the proportion ranking them first in importance as an information source ranged from 10% to 46%. The number of journals read varied between the groups, but Archives of Disease in Childhood and BMJ were the most read
journals in all groups. Six out of the seven journals previously identified as containing best paediatric evidence are the most widely read overall by UK paediatricians, however, only the two most prominent are widely read by those based in the community.
Conclusion: No one information source is dominant, therefore a variety of approaches to
Continuing Professional Development and the dissemination of research findings to paediatricians should be used. Journals are an important information source. A small number of key ones can be identified and such analysis could provide valuable additional input into the evaluation of clinical research outputs
Combined effects of ultrasound and immobilization protocol on butyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by CALB
It is well established that the performance of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) as catalyst for esterification reactions may be improved by the use of ultrasound technology or by its immobilization on styrene-divinylbenzene beads (MCI-CALB). The present research evaluated the synthesis of butyl acetate using MCI-CALB under ultrasonic energy, comparing the results against those obtained using the commercial preparation, Novozym 435. The optimal conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) evaluating the following parameters: reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, amount of biocatalyst, and added water. The optimal conditions for butyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by MCI-CALB were: Temperature, 48.8 °C; substrate molar ratio, 3.46:1 alcohol: Acid; amount of biocatalyst, 7.5%; and added water 0.28%, both as substrate mass. Under these conditions, 90% of conversion was reached in 1.5 h. In terms of operational stability, MCI-CALB was reused in seven cycles while keeping 70% of its initial activity under ultrasonic energy. The support pore size and resistance are key points for the enzyme activity and stability under mechanical stirring. The use of ultrasound improved both activity and stability because of better homogeneity and reduced mechanical stress to the immobilized system.This work was supported by grants from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico
e TecnolĂłgico), and CTQ2013-41507-R from Spanish MINECO. We would like to thank Novozymes
Spain for its comprehensive support of this research, in special Ramiro MartĂnez (Novozymes, Spain)
for kindly supplying the enzymes used in the work. We also thank CNPq (Brazil) for a fellowship to
A.M. Silva and FAPERGS (Brazil) for a fellowship to J.S. Alves. A Ph D. fellowship from Spanish
Goberment to Miss Garcia-Galan is also acknowledged The help and suggestions from Ăngel
Berenguer-Murcia (Instituto de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante) are gratefully recognized.
We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)Peer Reviewe
- âŠ