About the Second Neighborhood Problem in Tournaments Missing Disjoint Stars

Let $D$ be a digraph without digons. Seymour's second neighborhood conjecture states that $D$ has a vertex $v$ such that $d^+(v) \leq d^{++}(v)$. Under some conditions, we prove this conjecture for digraphs missing $n$ disjoint stars. Weaker conditions are required when $n = 2$ or $3$. In some cases we exhibit two such vertices

New Variations of the Online <em>k</em>-Canadian Traveler Problem: Uncertain Costs at Known Locations

In this chapter, we study new variations of the online k-Canadian Traveler Problem (k-CTP) in which there is an input graph with a given source node O and a destination node D. For a specified set consisting of k edges, the edge costs are unknown (we call these uncertain edges). Costs of the remaining edges are known and given. The objective is to find an online strategy such that the traveling agent finds a route from O to D with minimum total travel cost. The agent learns the cost of an uncertain edge, when she arrives at one of its end-nodes and decides on her travel path based on the discovered cost. We call this problem the online k-Canadian Traveler Problem with uncertain edges. We analyze both the single-agent and the multi-agent versions of the problem. We propose a tight lower bound on the competitive ratio of deterministic online strategies together with an optimal online strategy for the single-agent version. We consider the multi-agent version with two different objectives. We suggest lower bounds on the competitive ratio of deterministic online strategies to these two problems

Correlation of Atrial Fibrillation with Left Atrial Volume in Patients with Mitral Stenosis. a Single Centre Study From Pakistan

Background: Rheumatic heart disease has a strong association with mitral valve stenosis. Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common complications of this condition and is a poor prognostic factor. Early detection and prompt management of atrial fibrillation can help to improve the quality of life and increase the life expectancy of the patients. We carried out this study to investigate the significance of left atrial volumetric changes in mitral stenosis and its correlation with atrial fibrillation. Methodology: We audited the data of 60 patients of rheumatic heart disease who had mitral valve stenosis. The patients were randomized into atrial fibrillation (Group A) and normal sinus rhythm (Group B). We conducted this cross-sectional analytical study at Cardiology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 1st February 2017 to 31st January 2018. We only included those patients who consented to be a part of this study and fulfilled our predefined inclusion criteria. Left atrial volume was measured by prolate ellipse method and biplane methods on echocardiography. The Data was analyzed on SPSS v20. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study. Among the subjects, thirty-six (60%) were males, and twenty-four (40%) were females. Atrial fibrillation was noted in 43.33% of the patients of mitral valve stenosis. There was a marked difference in the mean volume of the left atrium among the two groups. We observed that the mean area of the mitral valve for Group A patients was larger than that of patients in Group B. Our study showed an inverse correlation between left atrial volume and mitral valve area among Group A patients. Conclusion: Patients of mitral stenosis are at an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation if the left atrial volume is increasing. All patients with mitral stenosis should have routine echocardiography &amp; measurement of left atrial volumes, so that proper treatment can be started if the left atrial volume is increasing, to prevent atrial fibrillation

NMR and μ+\mu^{+}SR detection of unconventional spin dynamics in Er(trensal) and Dy(trensal) molecular magnets

Measurements of proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectra and relaxation and of Muon Spin Relaxation ($\mu^{+}$SR) have been performed as a function of temperature and external magnetic field on two isostructural lanthanide complexes, Er(trensal) and Dy(trensal) featuring crystallographically imposed trigonal symmetry. Both the nuclear 1/T1 and muon $\lambda$ longitudinal relaxation rates, LRR, exhibit a peak for temperatures T lower than 30K, associated to the slowing down of the spin dynamics, and the width of the NMR absorption spectra starts to increase significantly at T ca. 50K, a temperature sizably higher than the one of the LRR peaks. The LRR peaks have a field and temperature dependence different from those previously reported for all Molecular Nanomagnets. They do not follow the Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound scaling of the amplitude and position in temperature and field and thus cannot be explained in terms of a single dominating correlation time $\tau$c determined by the spin slowing down at low temperature. Further, for T lower than 50K the spectral width does not follow the temperature behavior of the magnetic susceptibility chi. We suggest, using simple qualitative considerations, that the observed behavior is due to a combination of two different relaxation processes characterized by the correlation times $\tau$LT and $\tau$HT, dominating for T lower than 30K and T higher than 50K, respectively. Finally, the observed flattening of LRR for T lower than 5K is suggested to have a quantum origin

Reaksi Pasar Modal Terhadap Peristiwa Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2014 Pada Perusahaan Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara demokrasi. Salah satu perwujudan demokrasi di Indonesia ialah dengan dilaksanakannya pemilihan umum atau pemilu. Jadwal Pemilu tahun 2014 merupakan pemilu yang kesebelas yang akan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 9 April 2014. Para analisis investasi menilai dampak pemilu 2014 ini berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan saham emiten di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), artinya akan berdampak juga terhadap investor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara rata-rata harga saham, return saham, trading volume activity saham dan bid-ask spread sebelum dan setelah peristiwa Pemilu 2014. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk studi peristiwa (event study). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Perusahaan pertambangan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebanyak 8 Perusahaan. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Paired Sample T-Test untuk uji-t. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata harga saham sebelum dan setelah peristiwa pemilu tahun 2014. sedangkan untuk rata-rata return saham, rata-rata trading volume activity saham dan rata-rata bid-ask spread tidak terdapat perbedaan sebelum dan setelah peristiwa Pemilu 2014

The effect of obesity and Insulin Resistance on Liver Enzymes in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been defined as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the liver .This study was conducted to assess the effect obesity and insulin resistance on liver enzymes in diabetic Iraqi patients.A comparative study of (90) Iraqi adults divided to three subgroup(30) obese ,(30) nonobese diabetic patients and(30)person had used as control. The analysis included Liver enzyme ALP,ALT,AST,GGT ,Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) , Lipid Profile , Hemoglobin A1C , insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. Subjects were excluded from this study if they had liver disease, alcohol intake, medications for lowering lipid, insulin treatment, pregnant women and women taking contraceptive pills . The study shows significantly higher of liver enzymes level ( gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate Amino Transferase , Alanine Transaminase) in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control subject and HOMA IR showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese with diabetic patients and control (P < 0.05). The lipids level showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control.The HbA1c level showed higher significantly in obese diabetic patients compared with control and ther is a posative correlation between insulin and HOMA IR , ALP in obeses diabetic patients while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group. The liver enzymes level of(alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase gama glutaminase transferase ) is significantly higher in obese diabetic patients than non –obese diabetic patients and control group , also There was posative correlation between ALP and HOMA IR while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group

Optimization Study of Preparation Eucalyptus Trees Activated Carbon for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution

Mesoporous activated carbon were  prepared from eucalyptus trees stalks (ES) using physiochemical activation method, which  consisted of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification. Based on the central composite design (CCD), two factor interaction (2FI) and quadratic models were respectively employed to correlate preparation of the activated carbon with these variables. The effects of the activation temperature, activation time and chemical impregnation ratios on the carbon yield and methylene blue removal were investigated. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on each experimental design response was identified. The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from eucalyptus stalks were found to be activation temperature of 650 oC, activation time of 0.5 h and chemical impregnation ratio of 2.5. The carbon yield was found to be 22.3% while the removal of methylene blue was found to be 89%. Keywords: Eucalyptus stalks; Optimization; Activated carbon; Adsorption; Methylene blue.