A Survey of "The Sala degli Stucchi, an ornate baroque hall"

The "Sala degli stucchi" is a heavely decorated baroque hall, as the Italian name itself suggests, in the Royal Palace in Turin. The present work describes a survey of this historic object. This work is a part of a wider project on the study of Architectural Patrimony carried out for the La Soprintendenza per il Patrimonio storico, artistico ed etnoantropologico per il Piemonte. It is a chance to test the modern survey techniques of photogrammetry and LIDAR. This article focuses on the integrated use of digital photogrammetry and LIDAR in a demanding environment, in order to take best advantages of both techniques. Different survey products were obtained, ranging from 3D and photogrammetric models to orthophotos. The adopted techniques, the problems and difficulties that arose during the survey process are shown in the paper. The obtained and stored results were also used to make a complete 3D model of the whole hal

Calibrating and evaluating a range camera for Cultural Heritage metric survey

At the last ISPRS Congress in 2008, the first experimental evaluations of range cameras were presented. During the last four years, much research has been done by different research groups and some meetings have allowed a continuous sharing of experiences and results. The research group of the Politecnico di Torino has developed some original methodologies for calibrating range cameras and a set of tests for evaluating the possible use of range cameras for Cultural Heritage metric surveys. Cultural Heritage objects are characterized by complex shapes and different materials (e.g. stones, plasters, etc.). The present paper describes the results achieved in calibrating the SR4000 range camera and it studies the influences of the measuring direction inclination and of the different materials on distance measurements accuracy and completeness. This allows defining which are the possible strategies to be adopted to give affordable and useful point clouds for the metric description of Cultural Heritage objects. Some basic metric survey examples of architectural objects are given to demonstrate the real application of such devices to Cultural Heritage metric documentation, from the acquisition of point clouds up to 2D (elevations) and 3D representations (texturized 3D models). Considering the current development of such devices and their possible future evolutions, the expected possible uses of range cameras in Cultural Heritage metric survey should be advantageous, especially considering the low costs of such devices and the possibility of their making 3D videos which can be acquired in a short tim

from reality to parametric models of cultural heritage assets for hbim

Abstract. The ability of managing big amounts of metric information coming from a LiDAR survey and the ability to reproduce high quality 3D models from them are still vivid problems to solve. Is it possible to create detailed models, geometrically and metrically correct, without using a large amount (often redundant) of metric data, such as massive point clouds? Obviously yes, but there are several ways to create a fitting 3D model for a specific research. A good solution is given by NURBS based algorithms that ensure high details of modelling. However, NURBS models can't be used directly on BIM platforms, because they need to be parametrized. In this sense, a parametric model is based on real measurements but each object could be interpreted and approximated based on objective and subjective (critic) view and also based on LODs (levels of detail or development) concerning a particular analysis. This kind of modelling of Cultural Heritage assets, fundamental for HBIM creation, need to be correctly planned especially for classification and definition of its historical features connected to an informative system, because nowadays information and then the semantic dimension are a necessary key points towards documentation analysis. Established this brief introduction, this schematic work will focus on the analysis of FreeCAD open BIM software and Rhinoceros as NURBS 3D modeller for Cultural Heritage is concerned, and whether and how they could integrate their tools for the purpose of managing dynamic high detailed data for the creation of an HBIM platform.</p

CULTURAL HERITAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND VIDEOS

Historical archives save invaluable treasures and play a critical role in the conservation of Cultural Heritage. Old photographs and videos, which have survived over time and stored in these archives, preserve traces of architecture and urban transformation and, in many cases, are the only evidence of buildings that no longer exist. They are a precious source of enormous informative potential in Cultural Heritage documentation and save invaluable treasures. Thanks to photogrammetric techniques it is possible to extract metric information from these sources useful for 3D virtual reconstructions of monuments and historic buildings. This paper explores the ways to search for, classify and group historical data by considering their possible use in metric documentation and aims to provide an overview of criticality and open issues of the methodologies that could be used to process these data. A practical example is described and presented as a case study. The video "Torino 1928", an old movie dating from the 1930s, was processed for reconstructing the temporary pavilions of the "Exposition" held in Turin in 1928. Despite the initial concerns relating to processing this kind of data, the experimental methodology used in this research has allowed to reach a quality of results of acceptable standard

BUILDING ARCHAEOLOGY DOCUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS THROUGH OPEN SOURCE HBIM SOLUTIONS VIA NURBS MODELLING

The implementation of historical information within BIM (Building Information Modelling) platforms has experienced great development processes during last years, generating excellent studies based on Historic Building Information Modelling (Murphy et al., 2009; 2013). The HBIM developing growth is certainly explained due to advantages concerning the documentation step as well as monitoring operations for Cultural Heritage assets. In this sense, information concerning historical architectures can be extracted directly from walls and masonries and it is related to stratigraphic information derived from archaeological analysis: this kind of analysis is fundamental in order to comprehend the evolution of the construction site through the identification of layers due to modifications and actions (Parenti R., 2000). The inclusion of stratigraphic analysis inside a HBIM workflow could be an innovative point as far as the management and monitoring is concerned. This kind of documentation, that was not designed to be included inside a common BIM platform, could be collected coupled with digital metric information derived from metric surveys even if it is still considered an ongoing research field, especially since Cultural Heritage assets have no BIM standard classification. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to adapt the possibilities of open source solutions concerning BIM methodologies to building archaeology documentation and analysis exploring unconventional strategies and also overcoming 3D modelling limitations of BIM software with free form modeler based on NURBS algorithm (Oreni et al., 2014), developing a particular scan-to-BIM process that, owing to the used opens source solutions and algorithm, can be renamed scan-to-openBIM via NURBS

OPEN SOURCE HBIM FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE: A PROJECT PROPOSAL

Actual technologies are changing Cultural Heritage research, analysis, conservation and development ways, allowing new innovative approaches. The possibility of integrating Cultural Heritage data, like archaeological information, inside a three-dimensional environment system (like a Building Information Modelling) involve huge benefits for its management, monitoring and valorisation. Nowadays there are many commercial BIM solutions. However, these tools are thought and developed mostly for architecture design or technical installations. An example of better solution could be a dynamic and open platform that might consider Cultural Heritage needs as priority. Suitable solution for better and complete data usability and accessibility could be guaranteed by open source protocols. This choice would allow adapting software to Cultural Heritage needs and not the opposite, thus avoiding methodological stretches. This work will focus exactly on analysis and experimentations about specific characteristics of these kind of open source software (DBMS, CAD, Servers) applied to a Cultural Heritage example, in order to verifying their flexibility, reliability and then creating a dynamic HBIM open source prototype. Indeed, it might be a starting point for a future creation of a complete HBIM open source solution that we could adapt to others Cultural Heritage researches and analysis

3D INTERPRETATION AND FUSION OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY DATA FOR HERITAGE SCIENCE: A REVIEW

Activities related to the protection of tangible heritage require extensive multidisciplinary documentation. The various raw data that occur have been oftentimes been processed, visualized and evaluated separately leading to aggregations of unassociated information of varying data types. In the direction of adopting complete approaches towards more effective decision making, the interpretation and fusion of these data in three dimensions, inserting topological information is deemed necessary. The present study addresses the achieved level of three-dimensional interpretation and fusion with geometric models of data originating from different fields, by providing an extensive review of the relevant literature. Additionally, it briefly discusses perspectives on techniques that could potentially be integrated with point clouds or models

An updated comparison on contemporary approaches for digitization of heritage objects

Continuous developments on sensors, data acquisition techniques, algorithms and computational systems have enabled automation, higher processing velocities and increased metric accuracy regarding the modeling of tangible heritage. For applications on heritage artefacts or architectural details, scanning and photogrammetric systems based on structure-from-motion (SfM) approach have prevailed, due to lower costs, fast acquisition and processing, re-producibility of workflows and ability to capture high-resolution texture. This study presents an updated comparison of contemporary digitization approaches to examine in extent required processing stages, compare costs and evaluate produced 3D results according to their metric properties, quality of texture and visual fidelity

COMPARISON OF MULTI-SOURCE DATA, INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION

The metric documentation of architectural complexes requires today the use of several integrated survey methodologies. This need is an answer to the morphology of the object such as dimension, geometry, inaccessible areas and urban context. These properties inhibit the use of single surveying techniques and force the integration of Geomatics tools. In addition, the metric documentation of Cultural heritage objects not always requires uniform accuracy and resolution, therefore the integration of different surveying methodologies and techniques become the only effective solution both from a technical and economic point of view. The integration, that is today adopted as normal strategy, allows also the better understanding of the benefits which can arise to speed up the metric documentation of Cultural Heritage objects and the benefits that each of the possible surveying techniques can have thanks to the integration of the different potentialities. This study starting from an integrated survey, performed whit a combined use of Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and show the results of the comparisons between the possible achievable accuracies by using a correct integration between the different used technologies and the ones achievable by using the same techniques as independent tools. The case study is the architectural complex of the Ducal Palace in Gubbio (Italy), located upstream of the most important town square facing the cathedral in a very complex but realistic urban context

Evaluation of an integrative approach between HBIM and architecture history

Abstract. Restorative and conservative operations of Cultural Heritage buildings involve the historical and objective knowledge of the context. Meaning the knowledge as a diachronic awareness of the history of buildings should help the safeguarding processes of heritage assets.The integration of historical information inside a HBIM platform involves huge benefits for the Cultural Heritage case management, its periodical monitoring operations and valorisation processes, moreover the historical evolution is correctly considered. This solution allows to maximize the comprehension and also communication of the analysed context through few simple steps as visualize, read and query in order to ensure the accuracy and quality of final data (Diara et al, 2018).This new court of methodologic cooperation will be tested on the case study of the medieval Abbey of Staffarda (CN, Italy) and its refectory in a deeper way where, thanks to recent studies, it has been possible to reconstruct analysis map for a complete vision of the church and the Abbey's complex as well (Beltramo et al, 2019).</p