Knowledge Isles in an Open Access World: The Open Archipelago Project

Every culture has been characterized by the system for transferring and to reproduce knowledge between generations. Every change or improvement in learning procedures and in learning environment means an empowerment of the whole amount of knowledge that belongs to the society. Create communities means expand knowledge. Libraries are the traditional depot of culture and knowledge. The concept of digital libraries (D-Lib) emerged consistently with the growth of the web society and the broader diffusion of ICT systems and services. This idea empowers both the as-pects of traditional editorial products and the way of conceiving digital education: on the one hand it implies a transformation in the cultural heritage of libraries, increas-ing the presence of digital contents; on the other hand it shifts the habitual approach to knowledge by offering a more sustainable distribution, a fastest access and a different user-centered concept to better satisfy the needs of the people. In recent years there has been some important changes in the way to access to digital resources on three trends: growth of online access to resources, development of paper-less reading devices, open culture diffusion. This last trend has been crossed the boundaries of the software development world, the Open Source movement, and has involved the production of cultural contents through the deployment of a lot of types of free licenses, such as Creative Commons. Considering this scenario, the paper would present the project Open Archipel-ago (OA) as a final delivery of a set of research activities oriented to offer an open source framework to innovate some aspects of fruition, distribution and management of editorial contents in libraries and in academic environments. The project offers to the users, researchers and students, a different cognitive approach to a wide variety of electronic materials and a more sustainable way to distribute, share and organize knowledge especially in the public spaces of libraries, research centers and universities. Open Archipelago is based on a open source central system to index and to catalogue (and to store in particular cases) Open Access materials, like digital versions of magazines, papers, books, etc. Connected to this main platform are different end-user platforms called \u201cislands\u201d (clustered platforms as "islands" that creates the "archipelago"), in which such materials can be distributed through different typologies of devices (iPads, e-book readers, multimedia cards, USB keys, etc.) or consulted directly "on screen" (multimedia tactile screen) and partially printed according to the policies of the materials and of the hosting institution. The main idea behind this kind of network is to create an \u201carchipelago\u201d of platforms (kiosks with different features) to put each user in a participative, interac-tive and immersive environment based on digital contents and to empower the herit-age of the knowledge encouraging the institutions to adopt and to distribute Open Access products with web 2.0 frameworks. Open Archipelago has the aim to create a community of librarian that de-velops a directory of well profiled resources. In this way we want to stimulate the cooperation between two communities: researchers and librarians. The OA system of platforms allows also to follow specific design guidelines in order to offer a low-cost, sustainable, scalable and modular solution to implement a system based on new low-consumption devices, on online-trusted Open Access re-sources and on self-automated settings of distribution based on new web 2.0 technologies. The research focus started analyzing the issues related to the different ap-proaches between digital natives and digital migrant in specific environments which offer editorial contents. One of the main topics that emerged was how to re-modulate the social inclusion for both these categories in the academic context giving a power-ful and affordable solution in the hand of the institution. After a grounded analysis based on virtual ethnography research and on-field surveys and interviews, emerged mostly the aspect to reframe the practices to approach resources, not only in relation to the actual systems which offer the main index or/and an overall resume, but to access directly the whole content in few steps. The answer to these feedbacks, taking also into account the need not to overlap with the best practices in the international context, was to design a framework oriented towards a methodological and structural innovation in the field of D-Lib cultural heritage based on well-profiled Open Access resources

Relationship among medical student resilience, educational environment and quality of life

Resilience is a capacity to face and overcome adversities, with personal transformation and growth. In medical education, it is critical to understand the determinants of a positive, developmental reaction in the face of stressful, emotionally demanding situations. We studied the association among resilience, quality of life (QoL) and educational environment perceptions in medical students. We evaluated data from a random sample of 1,350 medical students from 22 Brazilian medical schools. Information from participants included the Wagnild and Young's resilience scale (RS-14), the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM), the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire - short form (WHOQOL-BREF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Full multiple linear regression models were adjusted for sex, age, year of medical course, presence of a BDI score >= 14 and STAI state or anxiety scores >= 50. Compared to those with very high resilience levels, individuals with very low resilience had worse QoL, measured by overall (beta=-0.89; 95% confidence interval =-1.21 to -0.56) and medical-school related (beta=-0.85; 95% CI=-1.25 to -0.45) QoL scores, environment (beta=-6.48; 95% CI=-10.01 to -2.95), psychological (beta=-22.89; 95% CI=-25.70 to -20.07), social relationships (beta=-14.28; 95% CI=-19.07 to -9.49), and physical health (beta=-10.74; 95% CI=-14.07 to -7.42) WHOQOL-BREF domain scores. They also had a worse educational environment perception, measured by global DREEM score (beta=-31.42; 95% CI=-37.86 to -24.98), learning (beta=-7.32; 95% CI=-9.23 to -5.41), teachers (beta=-5.37; 95% CI=-7.16 to -3.58), academic self-perception (beta=-7.33; 95% CI=-8.53 to -6.12), atmosphere (beta=-8.29; 95% CI=-10.13 to -6.44) and social self-perception (beta=-3.12; 95% CI=-4.11 to -2.12) DREEM domain scores. We also observed a dose-response pattern across resilience level groups for most measurements. Medical students with higher resilience levels had a better quality of life and a better perception of educational environment. Developing resilience may become an important strategy to minimize emotional distress and enhance medical training106CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPE

The acceleration of the universe and the physics behind it

Using a general classification of dark enegy models in four classes, we discuss the complementarity of cosmological observations to tackle down the physics beyond the acceleration of our universe. We discuss the tests distinguishing the four classes and then focus on the dynamics of the perturbations in the Newtonian regime. We also exhibit explicitely models that have identical predictions for a subset of observations.Comment: 18 pages, 18 figure

Open Archipelago. Designing Isles of Knowledge in the Web 2.0 Era

Libraries are the traditional depot of culture and knowledge. The concept of digital libraries (D-Lib) emerged consistently with the growth of the web society and the broader diffusion of ICT systems and services. This idea empowers both the aspects of traditional editorial products and the way of conceiving digital education: on the one hand it implies a transformation in the cultural heritage of libraries, increasing the presence of digital contents; on the other hand it shifts the habitual approach to knowledge by offering a more sustainable distribution, a fastest access and a different user-centered concept to better satisfy the needs of the people. Considering this scenario the paper would present the project Open Archipelago (OA) as a final delivery of a set of research activities oriented to offer an open source framework to innovate some aspects of fruition, distribution and management of editorial contents in libraries and in academic environments. The project offers to the users a different cognitive approach to a wide variety of electronic materials and a more sustainable way to distribute, share and organize knowledge especially in the public spaces of libraries, research centers and universities. Open Archipelago is based on a open source central system to index and to catalogue (and to store, in particular cases) Open Access materials, like digital versions of magazines, papers, books, etc. Connected to this main platform there are different end-user platforms called \u201cislands\u201d (clustered platforms as \u201cislands\u201d that creates the \u201carchipelago\u201d), in which such materials can be distributed through different typologies of devices (iPads, e-book readers, multimedia cards, USB keys, etc.) or consulted directly \u201con screen\u201d (multimedia tactile screen) and partially printed according to the policies of the materials and of the hosting institution. The main idea behind this kind of network is to create an \u201carchipelago\u201d of platforms (kiosks with different features) to put each user in a participative, interactive and immersive environment based on digital contents and to empower the heritage of the knowledge encouraging the institutions to adopt and to distribute Open Access products with web 2.0 frameworks. Such configuration allows also to design specific guidelines in order to offer a low-cost, sustainable, scalable and modular solution to implement a system based on new low-consumption devices, on onlinetrusted Open Access resources and on self-automated settings of distribution based on web 2.0 platforms. The research focus started analyzing the issues related to the different approaches between digital natives and digital migrant in specific environments which offer edi-torial contents. One of the main topics that emerged was how to re-modulate the social inclusion for both these categories in the academic context giving a powerful and affordable solution in the hand of the institution. After a grounded analysis based on virtual ethnography research and on-field surveys and interviews, emerged mostly the aspect to reframe the practices to approach resources, not only in relation to the actual systems which offer the main index or/and an overall resume, but to access directly the whole content in few steps. The answer to these feedbacks, taking also into account the need not to overlap with the best practices in the international context, was to design a framework oriented towards a methodological and structural innovation in the field of D-Lib cultural heritage based on well-profiled Open Access resources

Social Behavior in Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)

Although belugas are considered to be highly affiliative in nature, juvenile females show less social affiliations overall compared to the juvenile males. These social patterns appear to continue into adulthood, since adult female belugas are also reported to have weaker social bonds than males both in the wild (reviewed in Michaud, 2005) and in managed care (Hill et. al., 2016, 2018). •Animals in controlled settings that produce spontaneous behavior that is similar to their free-ranging conspecifics, may be evidence that acontrolled environment is supportive of their welfare. •The purpose of this study was to longitudinally assess social interactions and behaviors among adult belugas. This may allow for a better understanding of behaviors which are universal to the species and behaviors which may be learned within managed care along with the availability of humans to interact with

Long-term outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy as a revisional procedure after failed gastric band. a multicenter cross-matched cohort study

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) is the bariatric procedure most likely subject to revisional surgery. Both laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) represent viable options, but the long-term results are still lacking. In 2014, we published the 2-year follow-up of our multicenter cohort of revisional LSG after failed LAGB. Evaluate the long-term follow-up (median 9.3 years) of the same cohort of patients. University and primary-care hospitals, Italy. We retrospectively examined a prospectively maintained database of the previously published multicenter cohort of 56 patients who underwent LSG after failed LAGB between 2008–2011. The control group included cross-matched non-revisional LSGs. The primary endpoint was weight loss, secondary endpoints co-morbidities, and the need for further bariatric surgery. The study group included 44 patients and the control group 56. We found %EWL 53% Vs. 67% (p =.021), ëMIL (54 Vs. 68%, p =.018), %TWL (26 Vs. 34%, p =.002). We also found more severe GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) symptoms in the revisional than in the primary group (9.0 vs. 1.8% mild and 23.0 vs. 3.0% severe). Ten patients from the revisional group (22.7%) vs. eight in the primary group (13%) underwent further bariatric surgery (LRYGB). Our results showed less favorable weight loss in revisional than primary LSG after LABG, higher prevalence of GERD, and a more frequent need for further revisional surgery. Despite the study’s limitations, the present data suggest that the long-term outcomes may offset the possible reduced short-term complication rate after revisional sleeve gastrectomy for a failed LABG

Acute syndesmotic injuries in ankle fractures: From diagnosis to treatment and current concepts

A stable and precise articulation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis maintains the tibiofibular relationship, and it is essential for normal motion of the ankle joint. The disruption of this joint is frequently accompanied by rotational ankle fracture, such as pronation-external rotation, and rarely occurs without ankle fracture. The diagnosis is not simple, and ideal management of the various presentations of syndesmotic injury remains controversial to this day. Anatomical restoration and stabilization of the disrupted tibiofibular syndesmosis is essential to improve functional outcomes. In such an injury, including inadequately treated, misdiagnosed and correctly diagnosed cases, a chronic pattern characterized by persistent ankle pain, function disability and early osteoarthritis can result. This paper reviews anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of this syndesmosis, the mechanism of its acute injury associated to fractures, radiological and arthroscopic diagnosis and surgical treatment