Center vortices, magnetic condensate and confinement in a simple gauge system

The confining mechanisms of 't Hooft and Mandelstam have a simple microscopic realization in 3D Z2 gauge theory: the center vortex and the magnetic monopole condensation are associated, in the set of configurations contributing to the confining phase, to the presence of two kinds of infinite clusters. These generate the area law of the large Wilson loops and the universal finite size effects produced by the quantum fluctuations of the bosonic string describing the infrared behavior of the flux tube.Comment: 8 pages, 4 eps figures. Contributed to NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Confinement, Topology, and other Nonperturbative Aspects of QCD, Stara Lesna, Slovakia, 21-27 Jan 200

Low-lying Dirac eigenmodes and monopoles in 3+1D compact QED

We study the properties of low-lying Dirac modes in quenched compact QED at $\beta =1.01$, employing $12^3\times N_t$ ($N_t =4,6,8,10,12$) lattices and the overlap formalism for the fermion action. We pay attention to the spatial distributions of low-lying Dirac modes below and above the ``phase transition temperature'' $T_c$. Near-zero modes are found to have universal anti-correlations with monopole currents, and are found to lose their temporal structures above $T_c$ exhibiting stronger spatial localization properties. We also study the nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution of Dirac eigenvalues and find a Wigner-Poisson transition.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 1 tabl

Separation of Cultivars of Soybeans by Chemometric Methods Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

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Optimal disclosure risk assessment

Protection against disclosure is a legal and ethical obligation for agencies releasing microdata les for public use. Consider a microdata sample of size n from a nite population of size n = n + n, with > 0, such that each sample record contains two disjoint types of information: identifying categorical information and sensitive information. Any decision about releasing data is supported by the estimation of measures of disclosure risk, which are dened as discrete functionals of the number of sample records with a unique combination of values of identifying variables. The most common measure is arguably the number 1 of sample unique records that are population uniques. In this paper, we rst study nonparametric estimation of 1 under the Poisson abundance model for sample records. We introduce a class of linear estimators of 1 that are simple, computationally ecient and scalable to massive datasets, and we give uniform theoretical guarantees for them. In particular, we show that they provably estimate 1 all of the way up to the sampling fraction ( + 1)1 / (log n)1, with vanishing normalized mean-square error (NMSE) for large n. We then establish a lower bound for the minimax NMSE for the estimation of 1, which allows us to show that: i) (+1)1 / (log n)1 is the smallest possible sampling fraction for consistently estimating 1; ii) estimators' NMSE is near optimal, in the sense of matching the minimax lower bound, for large n. This is the main result of our paper, and it provides a rigorous answer to an open question about the feasibility of nonparametric estimation of 1 under the Poisson abundance model and for a sampling fraction ( + 1)1 < 1=2

Large center vortices and confinement in 3D Z(2) gauge theory

We study the role of large clusters of center vortices in producing confinement in 3D Z(2) gauge theory. First, we modify each configuration of a Monte Carlo-generated ensemble in the confined phase by removing the largest cluster of center vortices, and show that the ensemble thus obtained does not confine. Conversely, we show that removing all of the small clusters of center vortices and leaving the largest one only, confinement is preserved, albeit with a string tension significantly smaller than the original one. Remarkably, also the string corrections due to the quantum fluctuations of the confining flux tube are preserved by this transformation.Comment: 8 pages,5 figure

Lithium and proton conducting gel-type membranes

We review the characteristics and the properties of various types of gel-type, ionically conducting membranes. We have mainly investigated two classes of membranes, one characterized by lithium ion transport and the other characterized by proton conductivity. We show that the former membranes are suitable to be used as separators in advanced lithium ion plastic batteries and that the latter show good promises to be considered as alternative, new separators in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Dysregulation of H/ACA ribonucleoprotein components in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Telomeres are protective repeats of TTAGGG sequences located at the end of human chromosomes. They are essential to maintain chromosomal integrity and genome stability. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex containing an internal RNA template (hTR) and a catalytic subunit (hTERT). The human hTR gene consists of three major domains; among them the H/ACA domain is essential for telomere biogenesis. H/ACA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is composed of four evolutionary conserved proteins, including dyskerin (encoded by DKC1 gene), NOP10, NHP2 and GAR1. In this study, we have evaluated the expression profile of the H/ACA RNP complex genes: DKC1, NOP10, NHP2 and GAR1, as well as hTERT and hTR mRNA levels, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Results were correlated with the number and type of genetic alteration detected by conventional cytogenetics and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), IGHV (immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region) mutational status, telomere length (TL) and clinico pathological characteristics of patients. Our results showed significant decreased expression of GAR1, NOP10, DKC1 and hTR, as well as increased mRNA levels of hTERT in patients compared to controls (p=0.04). A positive correlation between the expression of GAR1-NHP2, GAR1-NOP10, and NOP10-NHP2 (p=0.0001), were observed. The analysis taking into account prognostic factors showed a significant increased expression of hTERT gene in unmutated-IGHV cases compared to mutated-CLL patients (p = 0.0185). The comparisons among FISH groups exhibited increased expression of DKC1 in cases with two or more alterations with respect to no abnormalities, trisomy 12 and del13q14, and of NHP2 and NOP10 compared to those with del13q14 (p = 0.03). The analysis according to TL showed a significant increased expression of hTERT (p = 0.0074) and DKC1 (p = 0.0036) in patients with short telomeres compared to those with long TL. No association between gene expression and clinical parameters was found. Our results suggest a role for these telomere associated genes in genomic instability and telomere dysfunction in CLL.Fil: Dos Santos, Patricia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Stanganelli, Carmen Graciela. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas "Mariano R. Castex"; ArgentinaFil: Palau Nagore, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Stella, Flavia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bezares, Raimundo F.. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Teodoro Álvarez"; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Shear and bulk viscosities for pure glue matter

Shear $\eta$ and bulk $\zeta$ viscosities are calculated in a quasiparticle model within a relaxation time approximation for pure gluon matter. Below $T_c$ the confined sector is described within a quasiparticle glueball model. Particular attention is paid to behavior of the shear and bulk viscosities near $T_c$. The constructed equation of state reproduces the first-order phase transition for the glue matter. It is shown that with this equation of state it is possible to describe the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio $\eta/s$ and the bulk viscosity to entropy ratio $\zeta/s$ in reasonable agreement with available lattice data but absolute values of the $\zeta/s$ ratio underestimate the upper limits of this ratio in the lattice measurements typically by an order of magnitude.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; the published versio

A numerical study of confinement in compact QED

Compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in four dimensions is studied by means of an efficient algorithm which exploits the duality transformation properties of the model. We focus our attention onto the confining regime, considering the interquark potential and force, and the electric field induced by two infinitely heavy sources. We consider both the zero and finite temperature setting, and compare the theoretical predictions derived from the effective string model and the dual superconductor scenario to the numerical results.Comment: 31 pages, 16 eps figures; v2: references added; v3: footnote added, summation ranges in section 4 made explicit, version published in JHE