Preferência alimentar de Schenaridea carmelitana (Carvalho) (Heteroptera: Miridae) em sorgo e milho.

A high incidence of the bug Sthenaridea carmelitana (Carvalho) on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, and on corn, Zea mays, was observed in the field, in Sete Lagoas, MG. In laboratory, using a free choice test, the bugs prefield, in Sete Lagoas. In laboratory, using a free choice test, the bugs preferred to feed on sorghum grain (from milk to hard stage) than on other plant parts like panicle (without grain) or leaf. S. carmelitana preferred to feed on sorghum than on corn

Visible up-conversion and near-infrared luminescence of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped SbPO₄-GeO₂ glasses

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-07-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Recent advances in glass chemistry have led to new multifunctional optical glasses of great technological importance. Glasses containing high amounts of antimony have been studied for use in nonlinear optics, near-infrared transmission, and as hosts for rare-earth ions in photonic devices. This work describes a luminescence study of Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doping in a new SbPO4-GeO2 binary glass system. Near-infrared and visible up-conversion emissions were observed in the green and red regions, which are enhanced when the samples are co-doped with Yb3+. Near-infrared emissions have good quantum efficiency and full width half maximum of 61 nm. Visible up-conversion emissions are governed by two photons and described by excited state absorption, energy transfer and cross-relaxation processes.Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University UNESPDepartment of Engineering Physics Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-villeDepartment of Chemistry São Carlos Federal University UFSCarInstitute of Chemistry São Paulo State University UNESPFAPESP: 2010/20776-5FAPESP: 2013/07793-6CNPq: 502391/2014-

ISCOM-based equine influenza vaccine: Duration of immunity and randomised clinical trials to assess an accelerated schedule of immunisation and efficacy

The widespread use of equine influenza (EI) vaccines plays an important role in the prevention and control of EI outbreaks. Vaccine strain updates, optimisation of immunisation schedules, and frequent evaluation of vaccine efficacy are necessary to maintain an acceptable level of protection and overall disease control. Results from three independent vaccine studies are reported here. Study 1: duration of immunity (exploratory research). The antibody and interferon (IFN) gamma response induced by an ISCOM (Immuno-Stimulating COMplex)-based EI vaccine (Equip F®), was measured in a group of 4 ponies up to one year after booster immunisation and compared to immunity induced by equine influenza virus (EIV) infection. The antibody and IFN gamma responses kinetics were defined and levels were similar to those induced by experimental EIV infection. Study 2: accelerated schedule of immunisation (randomised trial). Most EI vaccines require a 4–6 week interval during the primary two dose course of immunisation, during which time most animals remain susceptible to EIV infection. The immunogenicity and safety of the ISCOM-based EI + tetanus vaccine (Equip FT) with a 3-week accelerated immunisation interval was evaluated and compared to the recommended six-week vaccination interval in order to improve flexibility and to reduce the period of susceptibility. The antibody responses to the vaccine antigens (tetanus toxoid and EIV) were measured up to 2 weeks after the first booster vaccination (V3). The 3-week accelerated primary course interval was well tolerated and serology results suggested good immunogenicity against both EIV and tetanus antigens. Study 3: efficacy against Florida clade 2 EIV strain (randomised trial). Efficacy against the representative Florida clade 2 strain A/eq/Richmond/1/07 was also evaluated at the peak of immunity, shortly after 2nd vaccination (V2). Six ponies were vaccinated with EquipFT according to label (6-week interval between first and second injection) and 6 control ponies received saline injections. Sixteen days after V2 (day 58), all animals were experimentally infected with A/eq/Richmond/1/07. Clinical signs of disease and virus shedding were assessed for 14 days and found to be significantly reduced in vaccinated animals

Detection of equine arteritis virus (EAV)-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocyte precursors from EAV-infected ponies

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) causes a systemic infection in equids with variable outcome, ranging from subclinical infections to severe disease, and also has the capacity to induce abortion in pregnant mares and persistent infections in stallions. The serum virus-neutralizing antibody response that invariably develops in the infected animal lasts for many months or years and is believed to play an important role in virus clearance. However, very little is known about cellular immunity against EAV because of a lack of methods for evaluating these immune responses. In the present study, we describe methods for detecting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors in the peripheral blood of EAV-convalescent ponies using a Cr-51 release cytolysis assay. Primary equine dermal cells, used as CTL targets, were shown to express MHC I but not MHC II and to retain Cr-51 efficiently and support EAV replication. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from EAV-convalescent ponies that had been incubated with or without live EAV were used as effectors. EAV-induced PBMC cultures showed evidence of expansion and activation of lymphoblasts, with an increase in the CD8(+)/CD4(+) ratio in comparison with mock-induced PBMC. The cytotoxicity induced by EAV-stimulated PBMC was virus specific, showed genetic restriction, was mediated by CD8(+) T lymphocytes and could be detected for periods of 4 months to more than 1 year post-infection. These findings and methods will hopefully contribute to an understanding of virus-host interactions in horses, in particular the mechanisms of virus clearance occurring during EAV infection