Food, nutrition and health in the Mediterranean

International audienc

Agricultural trade and liberalisation in the Mediterranean area

International audienc

Atlas Mediterra. Agriculture, alimentation, pêche et mondes ruraux en Méditerranée

International audienceIntitulé Atlas de l'agriculture, de la pêche et des mondes ruraux en Méditerranée, la douzième édition du rapport annuel Mediterra est le résultat d'une expertise scientifique mutualisée ayant mobilisée les chercheurs du CIHEAM. L'Atlas Mediterra 2010 est un recueil de très nombreuses cartes géographiques et de documents graphiques qui fournit aux acteurs, aux professionnels et aux chercheurs du monde euro-méditerranéen les clés de lecture et les indicateurs essentiels sur le développement agricole et rural ainsi que sur la situation alimentaire et géo-économique de la région

Mediterra atlas. Mediterranean agriculture, food, fisheries and the rural world

International audienc

Ultrasound Biomarkers for Sarcopenia: What Can We Tell So Far?

Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and loss of function that can impair quality of life and increase physical disability, adverse metabolic effects, and mortality. This review familiarizes the reader with ultrasound (US)-based biomarkers for sarcopenia with a discussion of these topics: why assessing sarcopenia is relevant for radiologists, how to evaluate muscle structure with US, the current challenges or pitfalls of these biomarkers, and the implications of all the available evidence. It summarizes the most up-to-date literature on the pathophysiology behind the use of these US-based biomarkers, the biomarkers themselves, and a protocol used for their assessments. The article also describes representative examples that reflect modern practice in the field. Imaging is routinely used in clinical practice, and radiologists can play an important role in the evaluation of geriatric patients, providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve decision support in sarcopenia prevention and treatment

Mediterra atlas. Mediterranean agriculture, food, fisheries and the rural world

International audienc

Residual soil P values for permanent pastures on reclaimed scrubland from Galicia (NW Spain). - I. Theory and model evaluation

In the reclamation of scrublands of Galicia in NW Spain, fertilization is necessary to establish pastures. The area is particularly responsive to P fertilizer. In order to maximize the efficiency of use of fertilizer in planning fertilization programs, it is necessary to take into consideration the residual as well as the freshly added P. Phosphate fertilization experiments were conducted in four sites in Galicia having a range in soil properties. The treatment design allowed estimation of residual P one year after fertilization in terms of freshly applied P equivalents. Four non-linear models were fitted to the data from the experiments after it was determined that residual soil P one year after fertilization was proportional to the amount of P applied. The estimated proportion of P remaining one year after application appeared to be independent of the model chosen. The Mitscherlich performed best from the standpoint of average residual mean squares, total rank, residual behavior after the fit and ease of fit. The percent of fresh fertilizer equivalent estimated one year after addition ranged from 60-90 for soils formed from granite, 30-60 for soils from slates, and 30 for soils over schist and gabbros. © 1986 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers

Lidocaína endovenosa como coadyuvante en el tratamiento inicial de la neuralgia postherpética: Bases fisiopatológicas del uso de anestésicos locales en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático

Introduction: Post-herpetic neuralgia is the algic condition that remains when the vesicles of an acute episode of herpes zoster have disappeared after a minimum period of 8-12 weeks. Up to 50% of patients older than 70 years will develop this condition after an acute episode of herpes zoster. Its physiopathological basis is still unclear, so its prevention is difficult and its treatment is aimed to symptoms. Materials and methods: One hundred patients were randomized to one of the study groups (n = 25): group A1, patients 70 years of age treated with gabapentin and endovenous lidocaine; group B2, patients > 70 years of age treated with gabapentin and endovenous lidocaine. Pain reported by the patient was assessed at four time points during the first four weeks. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed (p < 0,05) in the mean VAS scores reported by the patients, with a lower VAS score within the groups treated with endovenous lidocaine and in patients < 70 years of age in both groups. Conclusions: The treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia is aimed to symptoms. Local anesthetics have been successfully used for some types of neuropathic pain. Endovenous lidocaine can be useful as co-adjuvant during the initial treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia, since it significantly reduces the VAS score reported by patients. Aged patients had a poorer response to the use of lidocaine, as well as lower mean VAS scores, compared to patients that did not received lidocaine.Introducción: La neuralgia postherpética es el cuadro álgico que permanece tras desaparecer las vesículas del episodio agudo del herpes zóster, habiendo pasado un periodo mínimo de tiempo de 8-12 semanas. Hasta un 50% de los pacientes con edad superior a 70 años, lo desarrollará tras el episodio agudo de herpes zóster. Sus bases fisiopatológicas no han sido aclaradas, por lo que su prevención es difícil y su tratamiento sintomático. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 100 pacientes incluidos de forma aleatoria en uno de los grupos diseñados (n = 25): grupo A1, pacientes menores de 70 años, tratados con gabapentina a dosis crecientes; grupo A2, pacientes mayores de 70 años, tratados con gabapentina a dosis crecientes; grupo B1, pacientes menores de 70 años tratados con gabapentina y lidocaína endovenosa; grupo B2, pacientes mayores de 70 años tratados con gabapentina y lidocaína endovenosa. Se evaluó el dolor referido por el paciente en cuatro momentos a lo largo de las cuatro primeras semanas. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, p < 0,05, en las medias de EVA referido por los pacientes, presentando una EVA menor los grupos tratados con lidocaína endovenosa y pacientes menores de 70 años en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de la neuralgia postherpética es un tratamiento sintomático. Los anestésicos locales han sido utilizados con éxito en algunos tipos de dolor neuropático. La lidocaína endovenosa puede ser útil como coadyuvante en el periodo inicial del tratamiento de la neuralgia posthetpética, al reducir significativamente la EVA referida por los pacientes. Los pacientes de edad avanzada respondieron peor al uso de lidocaína, aunque presentaron medias de EVA inferiores a los pacientes a los que no se administró lidocaína