Cooling Effect of the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability

We provide numerical evidence that the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability contributes to the cooling of a relativistic fluid. Due to the presence of jet particles traveling throughout the medium, shock waves are generated in the form of Mach cones. The interaction of multiple shock waves can trigger the RM instability, and we have found that this process leads to a down-cooling of the relativistic fluid. To confirm the cooling effect of the instability, shock tube Richtmyer-Meshkov instability simulations are performed. Additionally, in order to provide an experimental observable of the RM instability resulting from the Mach cone interaction, we measure the two particle correlation function and highlight the effects of the interaction. The simulations have been performed with an improved version of the relativistic lattice Boltzmann model, including general equations of state and external forces.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Coupled DEM-LBM method for the free-surface simulation of heterogeneous suspensions

The complexity of the interactions between the constituent granular and liquid phases of a suspension requires an adequate treatment of the constituents themselves. A promising way for numerical simulations of such systems is given by hybrid computational frameworks. This is naturally done, when the Lagrangian description of particle dynamics of the granular phase finds a correspondence in the fluid description. In this work we employ extensions of the Lattice-Boltzmann Method for non-Newtonian rheology, free surfaces, and moving boundaries. The models allows for a full coupling of the phases, but in a simplified way. An experimental validation is given by an example of gravity driven flow of a particle suspension

The typology of partial credit guarantee funds around the world

This paper presents data on 76 partial credit guarantee schemes across 46 developed and developing countries. Based on theory, the authors discuss different organizational features of credit guarantee schemes and their variation across countries. They focus on the respective role of government and the private sector and different pricing and risk reduction tools and how they are correlated across countries. The findings show that government has an important role to play in funding and management, but less so in risk assessment and recovery. There is a surprisingly low use of risk-based pricing and limited use of risk management mechanisms.

Quantum Phase Transitions detected by a local probe using Time Correlations and Violations of Leggett-Garg Inequalities

In the present paper we introduce a way of identifying quantum phase transitions of many-body systems by means of local time correlations and Leggett-Garg inequalities. This procedure allows to experimentally determine the quantum critical points not only of finite-order transitions but also those of infinite order, as the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition that is not always easy to detect with current methods. By means of simple analytical arguments for a general spin-$1 / 2$ Hamiltonian, and matrix product simulations of one-dimensional $X X Z$ and anisotropic $X Y$ models, we argue that finite-order quantum phase transitions can be determined by singularities of the time correlations or their derivatives at criticality. The same features are exhibited by corresponding Leggett-Garg functions, which noticeably indicate violation of the Leggett-Garg inequalities for early times and all the Hamiltonian parameters considered. In addition, we find that the infinite-order transition of the $X X Z$ model at the isotropic point can be revealed by the maximal violation of the Leggett-Garg inequalities. We thus show that quantum phase transitions can be identified by purely local measurements, and that many-body systems constitute important candidates to observe experimentally the violation of Leggett-Garg inequalities.Comment: Minor changes, 11 pages, 11 figures. Final version published in Phys. Rev.

Exclusive W^+ + photon production in proton-antiproton collisions II: results

We present results for total cross sections, single and double differential distributions and correlations between pairs of outgoing particles in the reactions p + antip --> W^+ + photon and p + antip --> W^+ + photon + jet at sqrt(S)=1.8 TeV. Order alpha-strong QCD corrections and leading logarithm photon bremsstrahlung contributions are included in the MS-bar mass factorization scheme for three experimental scenarios: 1) 2-body inclusive production of W^+ and photon, 2) exclusive production of W^+, photon and 1 jet and 3) exclusive production of W^+ and photon with 0 jet. The latest CTEQ parton distribution functions, which fit the newly released HERA data, are used in our analysis. The dependence of our results on the mass factorization scale is used to place error bars on our predictions for the single differential distributions and correlations.Comment: 15 pages (LateX). 50 pages of postscript figures available via ftp anonymous from max.physics.sunysb.edu in the directory preprints/mendoza/EXCLUSIVE_W_GAMMA_II.dir (files named fig_*.ps) ITP-SB-93-80. ([email protected])([email protected]