100 research outputs found
Pome fruit viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina
During autumn 2005 and summer 2006, field surveys were carried out to assess the sanitary status of pome fruit trees in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspections were done in the main pome fruit growing areas including 10 orchards, 2 nurseries and one varietal collection. A total of 65 apple and 50 pear cultivars were tested by biological indexing for the presence of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV). The average infection level was 81%. Both species showed a similar infection rate (83% for apple and 78% for pear). The most frequent viruses of apple were ACLSV (72%) and ASPV (69%), and of pear ASGV (69%) and ACLSV (64%). The same samples were also tested by ELISA, with a lower virus detection rate compared to the biological indexing. Multiplex RT-PCR results of 20 randomly selected apple cultivars were in line with biological indexing. Results of our surveys report for the first time th e presence of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV on pome fruits in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Keywords: Malus, biological indexing, ELISA, multiplex RT-PCR, sanitary statu
Response of the Adriatic Sea to the atmospheric anomaly in 2003
Unusual weather conditions over the southern Europe and the Mediterranean area in 2003 significantly impacted the oceanographic properties of the Adriatic Sea. To document these changes, both in the atmosphere and the sea, anomalies from the normal climate were calculated. The winter 2003 was extremely cold, whereas the spring/summer period was extremely warm. The air temperature in June was more than 3 standard deviations above the average. On the other hand, precipitation and river runoff were extremely low between February and August. The response of the sea was remarkable, especially in surface salinity during spring and summer, with values at least one standard deviation above the average. Analysis of thermohaline properties in the middle Adriatic showed the importance of two phenomena responsible for the occurrence of exceptionally high salinity: (1) enhanced inflow of saline Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in the Adriatic, and (2) extremely low precipitation and river runoff, accompanied with strong evaporation. Two large-scale atmospheric indices: NAOI (North Atlantic Oscillation Index) and MOI (Mediterranean Oscillation Index), although generally correlated to the Adriatic climate, failed to describe anomalies in 2003. The air pressure gradients used for the definition of both indices significantly decreased in 2003 due to the presence of the high pressure areas over most of Europe and the northern Atlantic, and were actually responsible for the observed anomalies above and in the Adriatic
Right-veering diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary II
We continue our study of the monoid of right-veering diffeomorphisms on a
compact oriented surface with nonempty boundary, introduced in [HKM2]. We
conduct a detailed study of the case when the surface is a punctured torus; in
particular, we exhibit the difference between the monoid of right-veering
diffeomorphisms and the monoid of products of positive Dehn twists, with the
help of the Rademacher function. We then generalize to the braid group B_n on n
strands by relating the signature and the Maslov index. Finally, we discuss the
symplectic fillability in the pseudo-Anosov case by comparing with the work of
Roberts [Ro1,Ro2].Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
A 55-Year Time Series Station for Primary Production in the Adriatic Sea: Data Correction, Extraction of Photosynthesis Parameters and Regime Shifts
In 1962, a series of in situ primary production measurements began in the Adriatic Sea, at a station near the island of Vis. To this day, over 55 years of monthly measurements through the photic zone have been accumulated, including close to 3000 production measurements at different depths. The measurements are conducted over a six-hour period around noon, and the average production rate extrapolated linearly over day length to calculate daily production. Here, a non-linear primary production model is used to correct these estimates for potential overestimation of daily production due to linear extrapolation. The assimilation numbers are recovered from the measured production profiles and subsequently used to model production at depth. Using the recovered parameters, the model explained 87% of variability in measured normalized production at depth. The model is then used to calculate daily production at depth, and it is observed to give on average 20% lower daily production at depth than the estimates based on linear extrapolation. Subsequently, water column production is calculated, and here, the model predicted on average 26% lower water column production. With the recovered parameters and the known magnitude of the overestimation, the time-series of water column production is then re-established with the non-linearly-corrected data. During this 55-year period, distinct regimes were observed, which were classified with a regime shift detection method. It is then demonstrated how the recovered parameters can be used in a remote sensing application. A seasonal cycle of the recovered assimilation number is constructed along with the seasonal cycle of remotely-sensed chlorophyll. The two are then used to model the seasonal cycle of water column production. An upper and a lower bound on the seasonal cycle of water column production based on remotely-sensed chlorophyll data are then presented. Measured water column production was found to be well within the range of remotely-sensed estimates. With this work, the utility of in situ measurements as a means of providing information on the assimilation number is presented and its application as a reference for remote sensing models highlighted
Prisustvo deoksinivalenola u uzorcima strnih žita u žetvenoj 2009/10. godini
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is present in all growing regions of small grains and causes significant losses in yield and grain quality. In our environmental conditions, dominant species is Fusarium graminearum Group 2. During 2009/10 there was a significant Fusarium infestation on wheat, barley and triticale. The aim of this study was to examine the contents of deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal samples taken after 2009/10 harvest season. We analyzed 22 NS varieties of small grains from Rimski Å anÄevi, including 16 varieties of winter wheat, one facultative wheat variety, four varieties of winter barley and one variety of triticale. Analytical methods based on clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and detection by liquid chromatography were used. Fifteen out the 22 analyzed samples were positive for the presence of DON at a mean level of 0.537 mg/kg. The highest concentration was 1.952 mg/kg. These findings were in correlation with percentage of the Fusarium damaged kernels.Patogeni iz roda Fusarium su prisutni u svim rejonima gajenja strnih žita i nanose znaÄajne gubitke u prinosu i kvalitetu zrna. Fuzariozu klasa pÅ”enice prouzrokuje veÄi broj vrsta iz roda Fusarium. U naÅ”im uslovima gajenja dominantna je vrsta Fusarium graminearum Grupa 2. U toku 2009/10. godine doÅ”lo je do znaÄajne pojave fuzarioza na pÅ”enici, jeÄmu i tritikaleu. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita sadržaj DON-a na uzorcima strnih žita uzetih posle žetve iz uslova prirodne zaraze. Analizirane su 22 novosadske sorte strnih žita iz lokaliteta Rimski Å anÄevi, od Äega: 16 sorti ozime pÅ”enice, jedna fakultativna sorta pÅ”enice, Äetiri sorte ozimog jeÄma i jedna sorta tritikalea. Uzorci su uzeti sa parcela razliÄitih povrÅ”ina u zavisnosti od znaÄaja i rasprostranjenosti gajene sorte. AnalitiÄko odreÄivanje je zasnovano na preÄiÅ”Äavanju sirovog ekstrakta analiziranih uzoraka pomoÄu tzv. Mucosep kolona, a zatim je sadržaj DON-a kvantitativno odreÄen teÄnom hromatografijom. Od 22 analizirana uzorka strnih žita Äak 15 (68,2%) je bilo pozitivno na prisustvo DON-a. JoÅ” veÄi procenat zaraženosti DON-om je utvrÄen kada je u pitanju samo pÅ”enica (82,4%). ProseÄan sadržaj DON-a je iznosio 0,537 mg/kg a najveÄa koncentracija je utvrÄena u uzorku tritikalea i iznosila je visokih 1,952 mg/kg. Od svih uzoraka koji su bili pozitivni na prisustvo ovog mikotoksina, 2 su prevazilazila koncentracije koje su propisane od strane Evropske komisije. Sve ovo ukazuje na visoku zaraženost strnih žita sa naÅ”ih polja iz žetve 2010. Procenat fuzarioznih zrna kod 16 ispitivanih sorti pÅ”enice kretao se od 1 do 11,5%, a gubici u masi 1000 zrna od 1,2 do 5,7%. IzmeÄu jaÄine zaraze u polju i sadržaja mikotoksina DON ustanovljena je potpuna pozitivna korelacija kod pojedinih sorti. Fakultativna sorta pÅ”enice NataÅ”a je imala visoku koncentraciju DON od 1,572 mg/kg, pri stepenu zaraze u polju od 33,3% zaraženih klasova po 1 m2. Sorta Zvezdana imala je najniži procenat zaraze u polju od 1% i kod nje nije determinisano prisustvo mikotoksina DON
Detection by tissue printing hybridization of Pome fruit viroids in the mediterranean basin
Available data on the incidence and biodiversity of pome fruit viroids in the Mediterranean basin are limited. Before starting a research survey to fill this gap, a tissue-printing hydridization (TPH) method to detect Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) and Apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd) has been developed and validated. Afterward, TPH was used in large-scale indexing of pome fruit viroids in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malta, Lebanon and Turkey. A total of about 1,000 trees was randomly collected and tested. Positive results obtained by TPH were confirmed by at least one additional detection method (RT-PCR and/or Northern-blot hybridization) and viroids were finally identified by sequencing full-length cDNA clones. PBCVd was detected in 13%, 12.4% and 5.4% of the tested pear trees in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malta and Turkey, respectively, showing a wider diffusion of this viroid than expected. In contrast, ASSVd was never detected and ADFVd was only found in symptomatic trees (cv. Starking Delicious) in Lebanon, confirming a restricted presence of these viroids in the Mediterranean basin. Altogether, these data support the use of TPH as an easy and valuable tool for exploring pome fruit viroid spread. Keywords: Viroid disease, viroid spread, pome fruit trees, detection methods, molecular hybridizatio
Sex differences in oxidative stress level and antioxidative enzymes expression and activity in obese pre-diabetic elderly rats treated with metformin or liraglutide
Aim To determine the effects of metformin or liraglutide on
oxidative stress level and antioxidative enzymes gene ex
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pression and activity in the blood and vessels of pre-diabet
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ic obese elderly Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes.
Methods Male and female SD rats were assigned to the
following groups: a) control group (fed with standard ro
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dent chow); b) high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet
(HSHFD) group fed with HSHFD from 20-65 weeks of age;
c) HSHFD+metformin treatment (50 mg/kg/d s.c.); and d)
HSHFD+liraglutide treatment (0.3 mg/kg/d s.c). Oxidative
stress parameters (ferric reducing ability of plasma and
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and superoxide dis
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mutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) activity and gene expression were determined from
serum, aortas, and surface brain blood vessels (BBV).
Results HSHFD increased body weight in both sexes com
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pared with the control group, while liraglutide prevented
this increase. Blood glucose level did not change. The lira
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glutide group had a significantly increased antioxidative ca
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pacity compared with the HSHFD group in both sexes. The
changes in antioxidative enzymesā activities in plasma were
more pronounced in male groups. The changes in gene ex
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pression of antioxidative enzymes were more prominent in
microvessels and may be attributed to weight gain preven
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tion.
Conclusions Obesity and antidiabetic drugs caused sexrelated differences in the level of antioxidative parameters.
Liraglutide exhibited stronger antioxidative effects than
metformin. These results indicate that weight gain due to
HSHFD is crucial for developing oxidative stress and for in
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hibiting antioxidative protective mechanism
On unitarizability in the case of classical p-adic groups
In the introduction of this paper we discuss a possible approach to the
unitarizability problem for classical p-adic groups. In this paper we give some
very limited support that such approach is not without chance. In a forthcoming
paper we shall give additional evidence in generalized cuspidal rank (up to)
three.Comment: This paper is a merged and revised version of ealier preprints
arXiv:1701.07658 and arXiv:1701.07662. The paper is going to appear in the
Proceedings of the Simons Symposium on Geometric Aspects of the Trace Formul
CPU, GPU i FPGA implementacija MALD algoritma za otkrivanje nepravilnosti na povrÅ”ini keramiÄkih ploÄica
This paper addresses adjustments, implementation and performance comparison of the Moving Average with Local Difference (MALD) method for ceramic tile surface defects detection. Ceramic tile production process is completely autonomous, except the final stage where human eye is required for defects detection. Recent computational platform development and advances in machine vision provides us with several options for MALD algorithm implementation. In order to exploit the shortest execution time for ceramic tile production process, the MALD method is implemented on three different platforms: CPU, GPU and FPGA, and it is implemented on each platform in at least two ways. Implementations are done in MATLABās MEX/C++, C++, CUDA/C++, VHDL and Assembly programming languages. Execution times are measured and compared for different algorithms and their implementations on different computational platforms.U ovom radu razmatra se prilagodba, implementacija i usporedba performansi metode pomiÄnog usrednjavanja s lokalnom diferencijom (MALD) s primjenom u otkrivanju povrÅ”inskih nedostataka na keramiÄkim ploÄicama. Proizvodna linija keramiÄkih ploÄica je autonomna sve do zadnje faze u kojoj je potreban ljudski vid kako bi se otkrili eventualni nedostaci na keramiÄkim ploÄicama. Nedavnim razvojem raÄunalnih platformi i razvojem metoda raÄunalnog vida omoguÄena je implementacija MALD metode na nekoliko naÄina. U nastojanju skraÄenja vremena potrebnog za proizvodnju keramiÄkih ploÄica, MALD metoda je implementirana u trima razliÄitim platformama: CPU (central processing unit), GPU (graphic processing unit) i FPGA (field programmable gate array), te s barem dva razliÄita algoritma. Implementacija je izvrÅ”ena sa MATLAB MEX/C++, C++, CUDA/C++, VHDL te Asembler programskim jezicima. Izmjerena vremena obrade su me.usobno uspore.ena za razliÄite algoritme i njihove implementacije na razliÄitim raÄunalnim platformama
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